UNIT 9 PEDS, ELDERLY, OPTHALMIC

During pregnancy, this phase is affected by hormonal changes that slow parastalis & gastric emptying.

Absorption

Pregnancy Category: Contraindicated/Prohibited

X

Pregnancy Category: No risk to fetus

A

Increased glomular filtration

Excretion

Pregnancy Category: Despite risk, can be given in life threatening situations

D

Most serious form of pregnancy induced hypertension

Eclampsia

Phase in pregnancy altered by plasma protein affinity & body fat content

Distribution

Extreme/Pernicious vomiting during pregnancy

Hyperemesis gravidarum

Term for development of the major organs of the fetus

Organogenesis

Should radioactive agents be given to nursing mothers?

False (Nursing)

Abnormally low muscle tone, reduced muscle strength

Hypotonia

Medication, last resort to treat RSV

Corticosteroids (RSV)

Antipyretic of choice for children

Acetaminophen (1st), Ibuprofen (2nd)

In terms of body fat, Girls have ____

More

In terms of body fat, Boys have ____

Less

% of body water in neonates

85

Drug of choice to treat hyperglycemia in pregnancy

Insulin

What is Magnesium Sulfate & Hydralazine used to treat in women with preeclampsia?

Hypertension & convulsions

Elevated blood pressure occuring after the 24th week of pregnancy

Preeclampsia

Ability of any substance to affect the development of a fetus causing abnormalities

Teratogenic

Pregnancy Category: Drug benefits are greater than the risk

C

Pregnancy Category: Animal study show risk, human risk is unconfirmed or unknown

B

Process that is not affected by pregnancy but may be altered by change in hepatic blood flow

Metabolism

Property of medications that make them easily passed to nursing infants through breast milk

Lipophilic

Process during pregnancy that is altered by increased heart rate & plasma volume

Distribution

Most common ailment of the elderly

Arthritis

Dry eye syndrome

Xerosis

Most common cause of death in the elderly

Ischemic Heart Disease

Resource that lists many different types of drugs

BEERS

Physiological effect of aging alters the distribution of drugs in the elderly

Decreased Serum Albumin

Hypertension in the elderly population often causes more death and morbidity due to…

Myocardial infarction and Stroke

Effects of aging decreases hepatic metabolism of drugs

Progressive liver damage

Loss of transparency in the crystalline lens of the eye

Cataract

Condition in which the near point of accomodations moved beyond comfort (reading distance)

Presbyopia

Physiological effect of aging that alters the excretion of drugs in the elderly

Decreased renal blood flow

Nervous system change due to aging process

Slow reaction time

Patient over 70 have a decreased ability to produce new blood cells, making them more prone to _______

Infections

Opthalmic condition that has increase in intraocular pressure

Glaucoma

Rates of absorption & metabolism are both __________ by the process of absorption

Decreased

Decade of life when renal function starts to decline

5th decade (60-69 ages)

What term means to prescribe multiple medication simultaneously to one patient?

Polypharmacy

Can happen during pregnancy, increased resistance to insulin and hyperglycemia

Gestational diabetes

Condition in pregnant women that can cause fetal hypoxia

Seizures

Birth to 18 y/o

Pediatrics

Oral drug absorption in neonate & infant gastric emptying is _____ than adults

Slower

Age group that has a high metabolic rates, metabolize drugs more rapidly

2-6 years old

Excretion of drugs 3 years of age, glomular filtration rate _____ adults

Exceeds

Condition in neonates where aortic blood is shunted in pulmonary artery

Patent ductus arteriosus

Illness in children due to shorter eustachian tubes

Otis media

Condition that results from absence, deficiency of the pulmonary surfactant

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Caused by failure of the pancreas to secrete sufficient insulin

Type 1 diabetes