APUSH reading quiz #6

atomic bomb

Created after the U.S. heard the Germans were going to create one, Enrico Fermi discovered the radioactivity of Uranium. First bomb was dropped New Mexico “trinity”, destroying the desert.

A. Philip Randolph

President of black brotherhood of sleeping car porters, demanded defense contracts. War led to northern opportunities for labor with better conditions but led to tensions

Battle of the Bulge

Allied forces claiming Paris and pushing into Belgium, met German defense at Rhine river.

braceros

Mexican laborers allowed into the United States for temporary employment under contract labor, especially in agriculture and factory work.

Colossus II

An early computer created by British scientists used for code-breaking World War II.

Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

A civil rights organization that fought for equality, led to restaurants in DC to serve African Americans. Led to pressure in the military, training camps became more integrated.

D-Day

The Allied invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, marking the turning point in WWII, Liberated France

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe during World War II; led the D-day invasion.

Enola Gay

The American B-29 bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

Enrico Fermi

An Italian physicist who created the first nuclear reactor; played a key role in the Manhattan Project.

Guadalcanal

Americans began changing the tide of the pacific, crushed many Japanese carriers. Led to a struggle against the Japanese in the southern Solomon islands

Harry S. Truman

The 33rd President of the United States (was vp took over after Roosevelt died), who made the decision to use atomic bombs on Japan, seems as a fear of Russian power in the pacific.

Hiroshima

The Japanese city where the first atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945.

Holocaust

U.S. did little to help, besides bombing concentration camps. Limited refugees and rejected the “St Louis” ship of Jewish refugees.

Korematsu v. U.S.

Korematsu refused to be placed in an internment camp, the supreme court though marked that the relocation was okay because of military means

Manhattan Project

Development of the Nuclear bomb led by Leslie Groves, Los Alamos where it was built by oppenheimer.

Midway

A pivotal naval battle in the Central Pacific in June 1942 that resulted in a decisive victory for the United States over Japan.

Nisei unit

Children of Japanese Immigrants citizens but forced into internment camps, but later some fought in Europe known as unit 442 were very decorated.

Office of Price Administration (OPA)

A U.S. government agency that regulated prices and rationing during World War II, led by Leon Henderson and Chester Bowles.

Okinawa

The site of one of the bloodiest battles in the Pacific during World War II, led to major casualties right off the coast of Japan.

relocation centers

Concentration camps where Japanese Americans were forcibly relocated during World War II.

Rosie the Riveter

A cultural icon representing women who worked in factories and shipyards during World War II.

sonar

A technique used to detect and locate underwater objects using sound waves.

Vichy

The collaborationist government of unoccupied France led by Marshal Pétain during World War II.

zoot suits

Oversized suits worn by Mexicans and African Americans, the riots were a series of white men attacking people in zoot suits in LA due to racial resentment.

Luftwaffe

German air force strong but weakened by air battles in Germany.

Atlantic charter

1941-Pledge signed by US president FDR and British prime minister Winston Churchill not to acquire new territory as a result of WWII and to work for peace after the war

Cordell Hull

FDR's secretary of state, who promoted reciprocal trade agreements, especially with Latin America

Dawes Plan

Installment plan for Germany, a way to help them pay reparations

Good Neighbor Policy

FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rater than military force in the region

Kellogg-Briand Pact

Agreement signed in 1928 in which nations agreed not to pose the threat of war against one another

Cash & carry

policy adopted by the United States in 1939 to preserve neutrality while aiding the Allies. Britain and France could buy goods from the United States if they paid in full and transported them.

Lend-lease

allows America to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense of the U.S."

Washington Conference of 1921

Conference of the major powers to reduce naval armaments among Great Britain, Japan, France, Italy, and the United States

Nye Committee

In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war

Destroyers for Bases

Roosevelt's compromise for helping Britain as he could not sell Britain US destroyers without defying the Neutrality Act; Britain received 50 old but still serviceable US destroyers in exchange for giving the US the right to build military bases on British Islands in the Caribbean.

War Production Board

During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers

Double V Campaign

The World War II-era effort of black Americans to gain "a Victory over racism at home as well as Victory abroad."

Selective Training & Service Act

1940 law requiring all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service

Tuskegee Airmen

332 Fighter Group famous for shooting down over 200 enemy planes. African American pilots who trained at the Tuskegee flying school.

Tehran Conference

First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war

Battle of Coral Sea

A battle between Japanese and American naval forces that stopped the Japanese advance on Australia.

Navajo Code Talkers

Native Americans from the Navajo tribe used their own language to make a code for the U.S. military that the Japanese could not desipher

Tokio Kid

A Japanese character that appeared in a sequence of WWII propaganda posters. (portrayed as a rat that was allied with Germany, a spy an bloody knife)

The Munson Report

written by Curtis B. Munson, studied the loyalty of the Japanese in Hawaii, proved that 98% of Nisei were loyal American citizens and that Hawaii Japanese were closely attached to the Islands and would do nothing to endanger their island home