WW1 Military History module 7

years of WW1

1914-1918

who Saw  the importance of  a strong navy, and served until unexpected death of older brother 

King George V (5th) 

Kaiser Wilhelm II 

• last German emperor and King of Prussia 1888 - 1918 Easily angered, hot tempered 

• Some cast blame on him for initiating WW1 with his actions

Czar Nicholas II

• Last czar (emperor) of Russia from 1914- 1917 

• Weak and incompetent leader 

• caused Bloody Sunday 1905, Russian soldiers fired on unarmed protesters 

what were the long term causes of ww1

•  Nationalism 

•  Imperialism 

•  Industrialization

• Militarism 

•  Defensive Alliances

• Nationalism-

• sense or devotion to one’s national group

• imperialism -

• seizure of a county or territory by a stronger nation 

• Industrialization -

• led to the need for the resources and markets for goods, both of which colonies provided

• created mass production of weapons and vehicles 

• Militarism -

• policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army prepared for wear 

Defensive Alliances 

designed to prevent wars and keep peace in Europe

• Triple Alliance 

• Germany ,Austria- Hungary, and Italy 

• Triple Entente -

• France, Great Britain, Russia 

Balakans 

•  found in southeastern corner of Europe has been under control of the Ottoman Empire 

who being assinated started WW1 

Archduke- franz - ferdinand 

what group assinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand 

the black hand 

black hand 

• Serbian terrorist group 

who supplied the black hand with weapons for the assination of Archduke Franz Ferdidnand 

Serbia 

who does Austria Hungary seek help from before declaring war on Serbia 

Germany 

Powerful leaders in the Austro-Hungarian military and government didn’t want ____ because they wanted to crush Serbia 

diplomacy 

what did Russia do with its military to avoid it’s border with Germany 

mobilize 

who saw the mobilization as an excuse and declared war on Russia Germany

German hawks 

Schlieffen Plan 

To escape a 2 front ware , Germany planned to attack and defeat France before turing attention to Russia

what did Germany do in response to Belgium’s resistance

massacres on civilians

what was the German army called after their total war aganist Belgium

Huns

what was the great retreat

• The pouring of German troops through Belgium forced British and French soldiers to retreat 

In the beginning of WW1 what united most countries

patriotism

what did many of 1000s of men who enlisted in Europethink about the war 

that it would be over by Christmas time 

who were the central powers

• Germany 

• Austria - Hungary 

• Ottoman Empire (Turks) 

• Bulguria 

who were the Allied powers

• Serbia 

• Russia 

• France 

• Belgium 

• England 

• Japan 

• Italy 

• ANZACS ( Austria & New Zeland ) 

• United States 

First Battle of the Marne

• French and British led a counteroffensive repelling the German attack 

•  first major battle on the Western Front,

• some would argue the most important of war 

Fronts

• contested area of land between opposing forces 

• Western front

• found in northeastern france

• Eastern front -

• found along German - Russia border 

years of the Civil War

1861-1865

years of Spanish American war

1898-1898

years of Mexican American War

1846-1848

years of Revolutionary war

1775-1783

years of the war of 1812 

1812-1815 

when was the declaration of independence adopted 

July 4 1776 

how did nationalism contribute to WW1

every country wanted to prove that their were the best

How did Indulization contribute to WW1

weapons and vehicles are being able to be produced in a mass scale

how did Imperialism contribute to ww1

Bigger countries wanted to knocout smaller countries

How did defensive alliances contribute to WW1 

brought countries into war that had nothing to do with it 

trenches

narrow and zigzagged to prevent mortar/artillery fire and shrapnel and lined with barbed wire

what was trench foot

wet feet lead to gangrene and amputation 

what consisted in trenches

• mud, lice, decomposing bodies, and open latrines 

what is no man’s land

• Land between opposing sides trenches void of vegetation and covered in craters from artillery and mortar shells 

who had much better, dryer trenches, even sometimes with electricity for lights 

Germans 

who spent less time on trenches believing they would only be in the temporarily 

British and French 

what happened on Christmas 1914

• On stretches of Western Front on Christmas day, British and Germans call a truce and play soccer and trade tabbaco food and uniform