Protein Synthesis

Transcribe the DNA sequence shown below into RNA

TTAAGGCC

AAUUCCGG

Recall: A pairs with U in RNA- RNA has no T

the process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA

Transcription

What are the bases found in DNA?

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

What are the bases found in RNA?

adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), uracil (U)

Process by which mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids, producing a protein.

translation

the formation of proteins by using information contained in DNA and carried by mRNA and translated into an amino acid sequence, which folds into a protein.

protein synthesis

What amino acid does the codon AUG code for?

Methionine (MET) --- Start Codon

three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid

codon

Mutation

a random error in gene replication that leads to a change

ribosomal RNA; type of RNA that makes up part of the ribosome

rRNA

transfer RNA; type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome; has both the nucleic acid language and the protein language

tRNA

messenger RNA; type of RNA that carries instructions from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome; plays a key role in transcription

mRNA

Pieces of RNA are removed in order to make a specific protein; A poly-A tail and a 5' Cap are added to give the RNA a map to the ribosome and protect it.

RNA processing

sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein. During editing these are cut out of the mRNA and left in the nucleus

introns

expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein. During editing these are fused together and leave the nucleus

exons

3 steps of Protein Synthesis

transcription, RNA processing/editing, translation

Central Dogma

DNA -> RNA -> Protein

group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to an mRNA codon. The anticodon is not read, its purpose is to connect the correct amino acid to the mRNA code

anticodon

Location of protein synthesis

ribosomes in the cytoplasm. (either free floating ribosomes or ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum

Start codon

AUG which codes for methionine

A string of amino acids connected by peptide bonds

polypeptide

A folded polypeptide

protein

monomer of proteins (one codon = one ______)

amino acid