Fallacies of Ambiguity and Presupposition

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers various logical fallacies categorized into fallacies of ambiguity and fallacies of presupposition as provided in the lecture notes.

Equivocation (Equívoco)

Using a word with several senses or meanings in the same argument.

Amphiboly (Anfibología)

An ambiguous writing or phrasing that causes confusion.

Composition (Composición)

Attributing the properties of the parts to the whole.

Division (División)

Attributing the properties of the whole to the individual parts.

Accent (Acento)

Changing the meaning of a phrase by emphasizing a specific word.

Figure of Diction (Figura de dicción)

Using words that are similar but have different meanings.

Emphasis Sophism (Sofisma del énfasis)

Altering the meaning of a text based on how it is cited or highlighted.

Referential Ambiguity Fallacy

Confusing what a pronoun or term refers to.

Undistributed Middle Term

Using a middle term that does not connect correctly.

Context Change Fallacy

Taking a phrase or idea out of its original context.

Begging the Question (Petición de principio)

Using the conclusion as a premise.

False Cause (Falsa causa)

Claiming that something causes another thing just because it happened before.

Non-cause for Cause (No causa pro causa)

Confusing correlation with causality.

Hasty Generalization (Generalización apresurada)

Drawing a general conclusion from a few cases.

Accident (Accidente)

Applying a general rule to an exceptional case.

Converse Accident (Accidental inverso)

Creating a general rule from an exceptional case.

Complex Question (Pregunta compleja)

Asking a question that assumes something that has not been proven.

Circularity (Circularidad)

A situation where the conclusion repeats the premise.

False Supposition (Suposición falsa)

Basing an argument on something invented or not proven.

Logical Prejudice (Prejuicio lógico)

Assuming something is certain based on a prior belief.