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Second Great Awakenings
Religious movement that began in the early decades of the 19th century. Reaction against the rationalism of the Enlightenment. In the northern states it touched off social reform...
market revolution
Starting in the early 19th century, produced vast economic growth, mass produced goods.
Thomas Jefferson
Washington's first secretary of state. A Democrat-Republican, he was the nation's third president from 1801 to 1809.
Battle of New Orleans
General Andrew Jackson won this in 1815. The War of 1812 had officially ended two weeks earlier, but word had not yet reached the United States.
Era of Good Feelings
Term to describe James Monroe's period as president (1817-1825). The Democratic-Republicans party dominated politics.
Jacksonian Democracy
The time period 1829 to 1837, also known as the Age of the Common Man.
Indian Removal Act
President Andrew Jackson supported this. By 1835 most of the eastern tribes had reluctantly moved to an area in today's Oklahoma.
Romanticism in art and literature
Evoked the wonder of the nation's landscape. The Hudson River School of painters were the most prominent.
Nullification Crisis
In 1832, South Carolina passed a resolution forbidding the collection of tariffs in the state. Jackson threatened use of federal troops against South Carolina.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
A women's rights reformer who was not allowed to speak at an antislavery convention.
cotton gin
This machine was invented by Eli Whitney in 1793. It removed seeds from plant fibers.
War Hawks
Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun; argued that war with Britain was the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier.
William Lloyd Garrison
Advocated the immediate emancipation of slaves without compensation to their owners. He was also the writer of the "Liberator."
Lucretia Mott
Early feminist who advocated for women's rights and against slavery.
Republican Motherhood/Cult of Domesticity
After industrialization occurred women became the moral leaders in the home and educators of children. Men were responsible for economic and political affairs.
Sectionalism: The North
Largely urban population that worked in factories.
Sectionalism: The South
Largely agricultural, mostly cotton from 1830-1850.
Sectionalism: The West
Largely trapping and hunting, citizens lived a secluded life away from others.
Democratic-Republicans
Favored the common man, weak central government, hated the National Bank, was pro-immigration, wanted slow and cautious westward expansion.
Federalists
Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion.
National Republicans
Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank, favored internal improvements.
Whigs
Favored the wealthy and educated, strong central government, supported the National Bank and Internal Improvements, limited immigration, slow/against westward expansion; above all else HATED Andrew Jackson.
Impressment
Practice of the British navy of stealing Americans and forcing them into service in the British Navy.
Treaty of Ghent
Ended the War of 1812, establish status quo antebellum.
Frances Scott Key
Wrote the Star Spangled banner at the Battle of Fort McHenry.
Monroe Doctrine
Warning European powers to refrain from seeking any new territories in the Americas.
Missouri Compromise
An 1820 compromise crafted by Henry Clay; prohibited slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36 30.
King Andrew
Nickname given to President Andrew Jackson when his opponents did not like his use of the veto power.
Nat Turner Rebellion
In 1831, this Virginia slave led a revolt in which 55 whites were killed. In retaliation, whites killed hundreds of African American and put down the revolt.
Marbury v. Madison
Established the Supreme Court's policy of judicial review.
American System
Henry Clay proposed this to advance the nation's economy. It consisted of:
* Protective Tariffs:
* National Bank
* Internal Improvements
The Lowell Mill Factory
The system that recruited young farm women to work in the textile mills. They were housed in company dormitories near the mills.
Seneca Falls Convention
In 1848 women's rights movement wrote a "Declaration of Sentiments", which declared all men and women equal and listed grievances.
Transcendentalists
They questioned the doctrines of established churches and business practices of the merchant class. Mystical and intuitive way of thinking to discover inner self and look for essence of God in nature.
Trail of Tears
In 1838 the U.S. Army forced 15,000 Cherokees to leave Georgia and move to Oklahoma. 4,000 Cherokees died on the march.
Hartford Convention (1814)
A meeting was held due to opposition to the the War of 1812; some radical Federalist in the Northeast want to secede from the United States, but that it was rejected.
Panic 1837
Was a result of Jackson's defeat of the National Bank.
Martin Van Buren
Became President after Andrew Jackson, won the election because of Jackson's popularity. Was faced with economic troubles.
Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!
William Henry Harrison's campaign slogan.
Tecumseh
He said, "They have pushed us from the seas to the lakes, we can go no further." Advocated fighting Americans to stop westward progression and renew British alliances.
The Prophet
Advocated relocation rather than fighting Americans westward progression in order to preserve remnants of Native culture.
The Embargo of 1807
Cut off all US trade with the world, attempting to maintain American neutrality.
Macon's Bill no. 2
Allowed the US to trade with either Great Britain or France depending on who recognized American sovereignty and neutrality first.
Adams-Onis Treaty
Grave the United States Florida in exchange for taking on Spain's $5 million debt to American citizens.
Old Hickory
Nickname for Andrew Jackson gained from the Battle of New Orleans.
Treaty of 1818
Granted the United States join occupation of Oregon with Great Britain.
Worcester v. Georgia
Supreme Court case regarding Cherokee rights to land in the United States.
John Q. Adams
Elected in 1824 as a result of a bargain struck by Henry Clay.
The Tariff of 1828
Increased taxes on imported goods to almost 50%; which positively effected American manufacturing.
Force Bill
Permitted Andrew Jackson to organize troops to prevent South Carolina from secession.
Increased Voter Turnout
-elimination of landownership,
-increased news circulation,
-increased education/literacy
-changes to candidate selection
Henry Clay
Created the Tariff of 1833 to solve the Nullification Crisis, developed the American System, Speaker of the House, Secretary of State under JQA, Whig leaders, leader of the War Hawks.
Virginia Dynasty
Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, James Monroe
Results of the War of 1812
-American Nationalism
-War Heroes
-Death of the Federalist Party
