Bio Test 3

How could two parents who have an autosomal dominant genetic disease produce offspring who do not have the disease?

Both parents would have to be heterozygous.

Tay-Sachs disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. If two parents are carriers of the disease, what is the chance they will have a child with Tay-Sachs disease?

25%

Use a punnett square to predict the offspring of a heterozygous individual and a homozygous dominant individual. How many offspring will have the dominant phenotype?

all of them

A flower with red and white petals is produced from a red flower and a white flower, this is an example of:

codominance

Someone who is heterozygous for a trait has:

two different versions of the allele

Different versions of genes are called

alleles

Which of the following is correct?
1. Genes are found on chromosomes, all of which make up the genome.
2. Genomes are found on chromosomes, which make up DNA.
3. Genomes are found on your DNA, which makes up your genes
4. Chromosomes are found on DNA, which makes up the genome

Genes are found on chromosomes, all of which make up the genome

All of the offspring of a black rooster and a white hen are grey, this is an example of:

incomplete dominance

Which is true about the treatment of genetic diseases?
1. Genetic diseases are generally not curable
2. Gene therapy is a goal for curing genetic diseases in the future
3. Diagnosis is more advanced than treatment options

All of these are true

What is an example of a trait shaped by the environment?

The language we speak

The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as:

phenotype

How many alleles can one person inherit for a gene that has 100 possible alleles?

2

One chromosome contains ___ gene(s)

many

Alleles that are dominant are:
1. Generally more advantageous than recessive alleles
2. more common than recessive alleles
3. all of these are true
4. are capable of hiding or masking a recessive allele

are capable of hiding or masking a recessive allele

Which of the following processes is a mechanism of evolution?
gene flow
all of these
nonrandom mating
genetic drift
mutation

All of these

Evolution is defined as:

A change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time

When we say a trait has been “selected for”, this means that:

Individuals with that trait reproduce more than the individuals without that trait

What is macroevolution?

The evolution of new species

In the population of rock pocket mice, what caused the first black mouse to appear?

Mutation

The selection of antibiotic resistant bacteria is an example of:
artificial selection
stabilizing selection
disruptive selection
directional selection

directional selection

Which of the following evolutionary mechanisms is most important in small populations?
natural selection
gene flow
genetic drift
mutation

genetic drift

Unused structures in organisms that do not have functions are called___

Vestigial structures

If people with red hair preferentially mate with other people that have red hair, this would be an example of:

nonrandom mating

Which of the following illustrates disruptive selection?
-female birds prefer not to mate with males that have very short or very long tails
-salmon eggs tend to be fertilized by the smallest or largest males
-a cattle breeder selects the largest male calf to be the breeding male of his next herd
-the brightest colored insect gets eaten most often

female birds prefer not to mate with males that have very short or very long tails

Why is treating a viral infection more difficult than treating a bacterial infection?

viruses live inside host cells and in order to kill them your own cells may also be killed

Vaccines are useful because

They stimulate the formation of memory cells which recognize a particular pathogen

T/F- Herd immunity provides protection for people who cant get vaccinated, such as those who are too young or who are allergic to vaccine components

True

Why dont you get sick form the same pathogen twice

Your body has memory cells that remember the pathogen

Which of the options below is not one of the domains of life?
Protists
Bacteria
Eukarya
Archaea

Protists

Which of the following statements about biofilms is TRUE?

they are microbial communities held together by a matrix mainly composed of secreted polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids

The burning of fossil fuels is related to increased levels of atmospheric CO2 levels. This might seem like a good thing for plants, but in reality its not- Why?

Increased CO2 levels trap heat in the atmosphere which may change climates and prevent certain plant species from surviving

Can a tree trunk perform photosynthesis

No its not green so there is no chlorophyll

Deforestation can have many local effects. For example, ____ is the amount of light that is reflected off a surface…

Albedo

A(n) ____ ____ is an estimate of the amount of land and water required to sustain one person

ecological footprint

All life depends on capturing energy from the sun and converting it into a form that living organisms can use. This energy capture and conversion occurs in two important processes that mirror each other. What are they?

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Carotenoids are found in high concentration in yellow and orange leaves or vegetables. This color is seen because the carotenoid pigments…

reflect yellow and orange wavelengths of light

Where does the new mass of a plant come from as it grows?

Capture of CO2 from the air

Photosynthesis is a process that removes ____ from the environment and releases ____ to the environment

Carbon dioxide, oxygen

Forests mainly help to regulate the global climate by:

Absorbing carbon dioxide

Which of the products of light/photo reactions of photosynthesis are used in the Calvin cycle?

ATP and electron carriers

The purpose of the Calvin Cycle is to make___

glucose

Match the following:
1. Transformation
2. Transduction
3. Conjugation
4. Gut Flora
a. a prokaryote takes up DNA found in its environment that is shed by other prokaryotes
b. prokaryotes help in food…
c. viruses move dna from one bacterium to another
d. a pilus connects two prokaryotes

1a, 2c, 3d, 4b

Which of the following statements about bioremediation is TRUE?
-Mercury pollution cannot be treated with microbial bioremediation
-Certain bacteria can convert toxic mercury ions into nontoxic elemental mercury
-Only genetically modified organisms can participate in bioremediation processes

Certain bacteria can convert toxic mercury ions into nontoxic elemental mercury

How is SARS-CoV-2 (the coronavirus) mainly spread?

Through droplets of coughing or by touching contaminated surfaces and then touching the face

How do war zones and natural disaster areas become hotspots for infectious disease outbreaks?

People from many places are crowded together in close quarters

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme reverse transcriptase in retroviruses like HIV?

It converts viral RNA into DNA to integrate into the host genome

What determines which cells or species a virus can infect?

the presence of a specific viral receptor on the host cell