cells & microscopes unit test

What are the 3 parts of Cell Theory?

• all living things are made up of cells.

• cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

• all cells come from pre-existing, living cells.

Prokaryotic Cells

simple structure, no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus, and small size.

i.e. bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells

complex structure, has membrane-bound organelles that carry out tasks, and is larger in size.

i.e. plant cells

What are the 2 kingdom of bacteria?

Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.

Archaebacteria

‘archae’ - old

oldest known bacteria(s) and can live in extreme weathers.

Eubacteria

‘eu’ - new

current forms of bacteria and constantly evolving due to fast reproduction rate.

the kind of bacteria that is around us.

What do you take to treat bacterial infections?

antibiotics.

Antibiotics

they treat bacterial infections.

How do antibiotics differ to viral infections?

viral infections treat symptoms not the infection.

Organelles

structures within a cell.

What function do organelles serve?

each organelle serves different functions and together they help the cell function

Cell Membrane

• P, A, B

• encloses the cell and controls what enters and exits it

• a.k.a. - phospholipid

• only small substances can fit through the membrane

Cytoplasm

• P, A, B

• fluid that contains the cell organelles

• contains macromolecules and H2O

Cell Wall

• P, B

• supports and maintains the shape of the cell

Nucleus

• P, A

• house DNA and controls the cells functions

Nucleolus

• P, A

• produces ribosomes

• inside the nucleus

Ribosomes

• P, A, B

• produces protiens

Mitocondria

• P, A

• power house of the cell

• fun fact: muscles require a lot of mitochondria because they use a lot of energy

Rough ER

• P, A

• helps transport the proteins

• transported by sacs called vesicles

• ribosomes are attached to them

Smooth ER

• P, A

• makes lipids and breaks down substances

• lacks ribosomes

Golgi Apparatus

• P, A

• packs and distributes things in the center of the cell

• can form vesicles to transport proteins

Lysosomes

• A

• has digestive enzymes

• small and spherical

Centrioles

• A

• key role in cellular division

• cylinder structures in the cytoplasm

Chloroplast

• P

• uses photosynthesis to make glucose or sugar

• used for energy

Central Vacuole

• P

• Stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste

Virus

infectious agent that affects cells in an organisms

What is a virus composed up of?

DNA and Capsid

How is a virus different to bacterium?

bacterium - free living and can live inside or outside a body

virus - needs a host to survive

How do vaccines work against pathogens?

vaccines inject small traces of the pathogens so your body can recognize the real pathogen

Bacteriophage

a virus that infects bacterium (bacteria)

How are bacteriophages different to bacterium?

bacterium are single cell prokaryotic organisms

How do you calculate total magnification on microscopes?

you take the power of the objective and multiply it by 10.

Plant

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleolus, cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole

Animal

cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleolus, lysosomes, centrioles

Bacteria

cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, ribosomes