cells & microscopes unit test

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35 Terms

1
What are the 3 parts of Cell Theory?
  • all living things are made up of cells.

  • cells are the basic unit of structure and function in all living things.

  • all cells come from pre-existing, living cells.

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2
Prokaryotic Cells
simple structure, no membrane-bound organelles, no nucleus, and small size.

i.e. bacteria
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3
Eukaryotic Cells
complex structure, has membrane-bound organelles that carry out tasks, and is larger in size.

i.e. plant cells
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4
What are the 2 kingdom of bacteria?
Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
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5
Archaebacteria
‘archae’ - old

oldest known bacteria(s) and can live in extreme weathers.
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6
Eubacteria
‘eu’ - new

current forms of bacteria and constantly evolving due to fast reproduction rate.

the kind of bacteria that is around us.
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7
What do you take to treat bacterial infections?
antibiotics.
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8
Antibiotics
they treat bacterial infections.
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9
How do antibiotics differ to viral infections?
viral infections treat symptoms not the infection.
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10
Organelles
structures within a cell.
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11
What function do organelles serve?
each organelle serves different functions and together they help the cell function
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12
Cell Membrane
  • P, A, B

  • encloses the cell and controls what enters and exits it

  • a.k.a. - phospholipid

  • only small substances can fit through the membrane

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13
Cytoplasm
  • P, A, B

  • fluid that contains the cell organelles

  • contains macromolecules and H2O

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14
Cell Wall
  • P, B

  • supports and maintains the shape of the cell

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15
Nucleus
  • P, A

  • house DNA and controls the cells functions

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16
Nucleolus
  • P, A

  • produces ribosomes

  • inside the nucleus

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17
Ribosomes
  • P, A, B

  • produces protiens

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18
Mitocondria
  • P, A

  • power house of the cell

  • fun fact: muscles require a lot of mitochondria because they use a lot of energy

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19
Rough ER
  • P, A

  • helps transport the proteins

  • transported by sacs called vesicles

  • ribosomes are attached to them

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20
Smooth ER
  • P, A

  • makes lipids and breaks down substances

  • lacks ribosomes

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21
Golgi Apparatus
  • P, A

  • packs and distributes things in the center of the cell

  • can form vesicles to transport proteins

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22
Lysosomes
  • A

  • has digestive enzymes

  • small and spherical

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23
Centrioles
  • A

  • key role in cellular division

  • cylinder structures in the cytoplasm

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24
Chloroplast
  • P

  • uses photosynthesis to make glucose or sugar

  • used for energy

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25
Central Vacuole
  • P

  • Stores water, ions, nutrients, and waste

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26
Virus
infectious agent that affects cells in an organisms
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27
What is a virus composed up of?
DNA and Capsid
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28
How is a virus different to bacterium?
bacterium - free living and can live inside or outside a body

virus - needs a host to survive
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29
How do vaccines work against pathogens?
vaccines inject small traces of the pathogens so your body can recognize the real pathogen
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30
Bacteriophage
a virus that infects bacterium (bacteria)
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31
How are bacteriophages different to bacterium?
bacterium are single cell prokaryotic organisms
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32
How do you calculate total magnification on microscopes?
you take the power of the objective and multiply it by 10.
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33
Plant
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleolus, cell wall, chloroplasts, central vacuole
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34
Animal
cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, smooth ER, rough ER, ribosomes, golgi apparatus, mitochondria, nucleolus, lysosomes, centrioles
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35
Bacteria
cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, ribosomes
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