泡利不相容原理 Pauli Exclusion Principle 知識點 - 量子力學 Quantum Mechanics

0.0(0)
studied byStudied by 0 people
full-widthCall with Kai
GameKnowt Play
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/137

encourage image

There's no tags or description

Looks like no tags are added yet.

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

138 Terms

1
New cards

什麼是泡利不相容原理?

在一個原子中,不可能有兩個電子擁有完全相同的四個量子數

2
New cards

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

In an atom, no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

3
New cards

泡利不相容原理是誰提出的?

沃爾夫岡·泡利

4
New cards

Who proposed Pauli Exclusion Principle?

Wolfgang Pauli

5
New cards

泡利因為這項貢獻於哪一年獲得諾貝爾物理學獎?

1945年

6
New cards

泡利不相容原理適用於所有粒子嗎?

不是,它主要適用於「費米子」

7
New cards

Does this Pauli Exclusion Principle apply to all particles?

No, it primarily applies to "fermions"

8
New cards

什麼是「費米子」?

自旋為半整數的粒子,例如電子、質子、中子

9
New cards

What are "fermions"

Particles with half-integer spin, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons

10
New cards

「玻色子」需要遵守泡利不相容原理嗎?

不需要,玻色子可以多個粒子處於同一狀態

11
New cards

Do "bosons" need to obey the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

No, multiple bosons can occupy the same quantum state.

12
New cards

光子是費米子還是玻色子?

光子是玻色子。

13
New cards

Is a photon a fermion or a boson?

A photon is a boson.

14
New cards

根據泡利不相容原理,一個「原子軌域」最多能容納幾個電子?

2個

15
New cards

According to the principle, what is the maximum number of electrons an "atomic orbital" can hold?

Two

16
New cards

這兩個電子的「自旋」方向必須如何?

必須相反(一個向上,一個向下)

17
New cards

How must the "spins" of these two electrons be?

They must be opposite (one spin-up, one spin-down)

18
New cards

這兩個自旋相反的電子被稱為什麼?

自旋配對

19
New cards

What are these two electrons with opposite spins called?

They are called spin-paired.

20
New cards

用來描述電子量子態的一組數字叫什麼?

量子數

21
New cards

What is the set of numbers used to describe the quantum state of an electron called?

Quantum numbers.

22
New cards

總共有幾個量子數?

4個

23
New cards

How many quantum numbers are there?

Four

24
New cards

第一個量子數的名稱和符號是什麼?

主量子數,符號是 n。

25
New cards

What is the name and symbol of the first quantum number?

Principal quantum number, symbol n.

26
New cards

主量子數 (n) 決定了什麼?

決定了電子所在的「電子層」或「能階」。

27
New cards

What does the principal quantum number (n) determine?

It determines the "electron shell" or "energy level" in which the electron resides.

28
New cards

n 的取值是什麼?

正整數:1, 2, 3, 4...

29
New cards

What are the possible values of n?

Positive integers: 1, 2, 3, 4...

30
New cards

n=1 代表什麼?

第一電子層(K層)。

31
New cards

What does n=1 represent?

The first electron shell (K-shell).

32
New cards

第二個量子數的名稱和符號是什麼?

角量子數,符號是 l。

33
New cards

What is the name and symbol of the second quantum number?

Azimuthal (or angular momentum) quantum number, symbol l.

34
New cards

角量子數 (l) 決定了什麼?

決定了「原子軌域」的形狀。

35
New cards

What does the azimuthal quantum number (l) determine?

It determines the shape of the "atomic orbital".

36
New cards

l 的取值受什麼限制?

對於給定的 n,l 可以從 0 取到 (n-1)。

37
New cards

What restricts the values of l?

For a given n, l can range from 0 to (n-1).

38
New cards

當 l = 0 時,是什麼軌域?

s 軌域 。

39
New cards

What orbital is represented when l = 0?

s orbital.

40
New cards

s 軌域的形狀是怎樣的?

球形 。

41
New cards

What is the shape of an s orbital?

Spherical

42
New cards

當 l = 1 時,是什麼軌域?

p 軌域 。

43
New cards

What orbital is represented when l = 1?

p orbital.

44
New cards

p 軌域的形狀是怎樣的?

啞鈴形 。

45
New cards

What is the shape of a p orbital?

Dumbbell shape.

46
New cards

當 l = 2 時,是什麼軌域?

d 軌域

47
New cards

What orbital is represented when l = 2?

d orbital.

48
New cards

當 l = 3 時,是什麼軌域?

f 軌域。

49
New cards

What orbital is represented when l = 3?

f orbital

50
New cards

第三個量子數的名稱和符號是什麼?

磁量子數,符號是 mₗ。

51
New cards

What is the name and symbol of the third quantum number?

Magnetic quantum number, symbol mₗ.

52
New cards

磁量子數 (mₗ) 決定了什麼?

決定了軌域在空間中的「取向」。

53
New cards

What does the magnetic quantum number (mₗ) determine?

It determines the "orientation" of the orbital in space.

54
New cards

mₗ 的取值受什麼限制?

對於給定的 l,mₗ 可以從 -l 取到 +l,包括 0。

55
New cards

What restricts the values of mₗ?

For a given l, mₗ can take integer values from -l to +l, including zero.

56
New cards

l=0 (s軌域) 時,mₗ 有幾個取值?

1個 (mₗ=0)。

57
New cards

How many values does mₗ have when l=0 (s orbital)?

One (mₗ=0).

58
New cards

l=1 (p軌域) 時,mₗ 有幾個取值?分別是?

3個。mₗ = -1, 0, +1。

59
New cards

How many values does mₗ have when l=1 (p orbital)? What are they?

Three. mₗ = -1, 0, +1.

60
New cards

l=2 (d軌域) 時,mₗ 有幾個取值?

5個。

61
New cards

How many values does mₗ have when l=2 (d orbital)?

Five.

62
New cards

第四個量子數的名稱和符號是什麼?

自旋量子數,符號是 mₛ。

63
New cards

What is the name and symbol of the fourth quantum number?

Spin quantum number, symbol mₛ.

64
New cards

自旋量子數 (mₛ) 決定了什麼?

決定了電子自身的「自旋方向」。

65
New cards

What does the spin quantum number (mₛ) determine?

It determines the intrinsic "spin direction" of the electron.

66
New cards

mₛ 有哪兩個可能的取值?

+½ 或 -½。

67
New cards

What are the two possible values of mₛ?

+½ or -½.

68
New cards

mₛ = +½ 通常用什麼符號表示?

↑ (向上自旋 / Spin-up)。

69
New cards

What symbol is commonly used for mₛ = +½?

↑ (Spin-up).

70
New cards

mₛ = -½ 通常用什麼符號表示?

↓ (向下自旋 / Spin-down)。

71
New cards

What symbol is commonly used for mₛ = -½?

↓ (Spin-down).

72
New cards

哪三個量子數共同定義了一個特定的「原子軌域」?

n, l, mₗ。

73
New cards

Which three quantum numbers together define a specific "atomic orbital"?

n, l, mₗ.

74
New cards

泡利原理禁止兩個電子擁有完全相同的什麼?

四個量子數 (n, l, mₗ, mₛ)。

75
New cards

What does the Pauli principle forbid two electrons from having?

The same set of four quantum numbers (n, l, mₗ, mₛ).

76
New cards

如果兩個電子在同一個軌域(n, l, mₗ相同),它們的什麼必須不同?

它們的自旋量子數 (mₛ) 必須不同。

77
New cards

If two electrons are in the same orbital (same n, l, mₗ), what must be different?

Their spin quantum number (mₛ) must be different.

78
New cards

電子的排布方式叫什麼?

電子組態

79
New cards

What is the arrangement of electrons called?

Electron configuration.

80
New cards

具有相同 n 和 l 的軌域的集合叫什麼?

電子亞層

81
New cards

What is a set of orbitals with the same n and l called?

Subshell

82
New cards

s 亞層 (l=0) 有幾個軌域

1個

83
New cards

How many orbitals are in an s subshell (l=0)?

One

84
New cards

s 亞層最多能容納多少個電子?

2個

85
New cards

What is the maximum number of electrons an s subshell can hold?

Two.

86
New cards

p 亞層 (l=1) 有幾個軌域?

3個

87
New cards

How many orbitals are in a p subshell (l=1)?

Three.

88
New cards

p 亞層最多能容納多少個電子?

6個 (3軌道 x 2電子/軌道)。

89
New cards

What is the maximum number of electrons a p subshell can hold?

Six (3 orbitals x 2 electrons/orbital).

90
New cards

d 亞層 (l=2) 有幾個軌域?

5個。

91
New cards

How many orbitals are in a d subshell (l=2)?

Five.

92
New cards

d 亞層最多能容納多少個電子?

10個。

93
New cards

What is the maximum number of electrons a d subshell can hold?

Ten.

94
New cards

f 亞層 (l=3) 有幾個軌域?

7個。

95
New cards

How many orbitals are in an f subshell (l=3)?

Seven.

96
New cards

f 亞層最多能容納多少個電子?

14個。

97
New cards

What is the maximum number of electrons an f subshell can hold?

Fourteen.

98
New cards

氫原子 (H) 的原子序是1,它的電子組態是什麼?

1s¹

99
New cards

The atomic number of Hydrogen (H) is 1. What is its electron configuration?

1s¹

100
New cards

氦原子 (He) 的原子序是2,它的電子組態是什麼?

1s²