Social Psych Chapter 3 Quiz
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53 Terms
What is the Individual Self?
What makes you different from everyone else
Unique personal traits, abilities, preferences, etc.
What is the Relational Self?
What you’re like in your relationships
Beliefs about identities, roles, and duties in specific relationships
What is the Collective Self?
Who you are in big groups that don’t really include you
Beliefs about our identities, roles, and duties as members of social groups
What are Reflected Self-Appraisals?
What you think people think of you has influence on your identity (based on false information)
True/False: When it comes to Reflected Self-Appraisals, we always know what people think of us
FALSE!
We never TRULY know what people think of us
What is a Working Self-Concept?
Information that is most relevant to the situation
Example of Working Self-Concept
“Hardworking” at work or school
What is the Distinctiveness Hypothesis?
What we think makes us different from others around us
True/False: When it comes to Culture and Social Self, women are closer to the individualistic culture, while men are closer to the collectivistic culture
FALSE!
Women —> closer to collectivistic culture
Men —> closer to individualistic culture
What is the Social Comparison Theory?
Hypothesis that we evaluate ourselves through comparisons to others
How do Downward Social Comparisons effect self-esteem?
Boosts self-esteem, but are less motivating
How do Upward Social Comparisons effect self-esteem?
Hurts self-esteem temporarily, but motivates self-improvement
What is the Narrative Self?
Occurs in the middle of our life
Basically a story of our lives
Childhood, settings, plot twists, etc.
True/False: Collectivistic cultures get their P.O.V from themselves, while Individualistic cultures get their P.O.V from others
FALSE!
Collectivistic —> P.O.V from others
Individualistic —> P.O.V from themselves
What is a Self-Schema?
Conclusions about our behaviors, preferences, and how we are viewed by others (generalization)
What is the Self-Reference Effect?
When we attach our identity to information we receive, it’s easier for us to remember
Even if we say we cannot relate to the information
What is Self-Verification Theory?
When you project part of your identity to people
Example of Self-Verification Theory
A student wearing his varsity jacket outside of school to establish their status of being an athlete
What is Self-Complexity Theory?
Having multiple domains/factors to your identity
The more domains you have, the less it hurts when you fail in one of them
Example of Self-Complexity Theory
Being a student, sister, great friend, girlfriend, etc.
WHat is Self-Esteem?
Positive/Negative evaluation that each person has of themselves
What are the three levels of Self-Esteem?
High
Average
Meduim
What is the Sociometer Hypothesis?
How people see you
What is the Contingencies of Self Worth?
Tying your self worth o successes and failures
WHat is the Self-Discrepancy Theory?
When behavior is motivated by cultural and personal moral standards
What are the three types of Self?
Actual Self
Ideal Self
Ought Self
What is the Actual Self?
Our identity/what we believe ourselves to be
What is the Ideal Self?
Who we want to be in the future depending on our hopes, dreams, and wishes
What is the Ought Self?
The person we feel we should be based on duties/obligations
What is Prevention Focus?
Avoiding things that make you feel bad about your personality
Discrepancies between actual and ideal self —> low psychological shame
What is Promotion Focus?
Attaining things that make you feel good about your personality
Discrepancies between actual and ought self —> higher psychological agitation
What is Self-Presentation?
How we present ourselves to others
What is Impression Management?
Attempts to control how other people will view us
Example of Impression Management
How you dress, behave in public, who you associate with, etc.
What is Self-Monitoring?
Matching our personality to the situation at hand
True/False: High self-monitors behave the same as Low self-monitors
FALSE!
High self-monitors —> fit their behavior to the situation at hand
Low self-monitors —> behave based on internal preferences
What is Self-Handicapping?
Self-defeating behavior
Scenario of Self-Handicapping
Group 2 being told they’re going to do bad on a test, so they consume a drink that makes them do worse —> they then blame the drink for their poor performance
What is the difference between On-Record and Off-Record Communication?
On-Record —> Direct response to be taken literally (blunt)
Off-Record —> Indirect response that hints at ideas (non-explicit)
This protects other people’s image and prevents improvement
True/False: Individualistic cultures have lower self-esteem than the Collectivistic culture
FALSE!
Collectivistic culture has lower self-esteem than the Individualistic culture
What is a downside to having high self-esteem?
Dismisses your ability to take regular feedback
Allows you to lie to yourself
What is Self-Enhancement?
A cognitive technique that allows you to big-up yourself through thoughts—not achievements
What is Self-Evaluation Maintenance?
People being motivated to view themselves in a favorable light
Example of Reflection
“Look at my friend! He’s an amazing artist!”
Big-upping through association
Example of Social Comparison
Giving your friend the harder questions rather than the stranger
Usually happens with loved ones
Will you sabatoge your friend?
True/False: All narcissists have high self-esteem
FALSE!
Not all narcissists have high self-esteem
True/False: It’s possible for someone to be both empathetic and narcissistic
FALSE!
You can’t be both empathetic and narcissistic at the same time
Empathy = Up
Narcissicm = Down
What is the Culture of Honor?
When someone offends you, you defend your honor
18th and 19th Centuries
Example of Culture of Honor
Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr dueling
What is the Culture of Dignity?
When you don’t have to prove yourself to others
We assume people already have dignity
20th Century
Example of Culture of Dignity
Someone comes in cursing at you, and instead of of cursing back, you don’t say anything to them and react calmly
What is the Culture of Victimhood?
People don’t care about dignity or self-respect and want to be portrayed as the victim
21st Century
Example of Culture of Victimhood
Crying about something that you caused, and not taking responsibility for the outcome