Somitogenesis and Paraxial Mesoderm Development

Flashcards covering key concepts related to somitogenesis and development of the paraxial mesoderm.

During gastrulation, epiblast cells migrate through the __ streak to form mesoderm.

primitive

The mesoderm differentiates into __, paraxial mesoderm, intermediate mesoderm, and lateral plate mesoderm.

chordamesoderm

Chordamesoderm generates the prechordal plate and the __.

notochord

Paraxial mesoderm adjacent to the neural tube will form the skeleton, muscle, and connective tissue of the face and __.

skull

Somites are __ blocks of cells adjacent to the neural tube that will form muscle, bone, and connective tissue.

epithelial

Presomitic mesoderm undergoes a mesenchymal to epithelial transition (__) to form epithelial somites.

MET

The ventral part of a maturing somite undergoes an __ to generate the sclerotome.

EMT

The dermomyotome will contribute to the __ muscle and dermis of the back.

skeletal

The anterior end of the presomitic mesoderm is organized into groups of cells called __.

somitomeres

High levels of __ prevent NOTCH from activating Mesp2.

FGF8

The migration of sclerotome cells to form vertebrae is influenced by signals from the __ and other surrounding structures.

notochord

Sirenomelia is a type of caudal dysgenesis where fusion of the lower extremities causes the fetus to resemble a __.

mermaid

Paracrine signals from neighboring tissues induce transcription factors that promote __ and dermomyotome formation.

sclerotome

The caudal segment of each sclerotome separates from the cranial segment in a process known as __.

resegmentation

Mutations in Notch signaling components can cause defects in somitogenesis, resulting in vertebral __.

malformations

Myostatin is a TGF-β family member that functions as a __ regulator of muscle growth.

negative

The central portion of the dermomyotome will form the __, which generates dermal tissue of the skin in the back.

dermatome