TOPIC 10- Plant Reproduction and Development

homospory

haptophytes and bryophytes- sex chromosomes

monilophytes- hermaphroditic gametophytes

antheridgen

pheromone released by the first hermaphroditic monilophyte present, that causes neighbouring spores to develop into males

• the presence of other sperm in the environment helps prevent self-fertilization

heterospory

coniferophyta and anthophyta

top bottom

females near the ____ of the tree, and males at the ____ of the tree to prevent self-pollination in coniferophytes

• caused by a hormone gradient in the tree

abc hypothesis

phyla anthophyta

phylum in which both sperm are involved in fertilization

terminal basal

the anthophytes’ zygote first divides into ____ and ____ cell

terminal cell

develops into proembryo and then into an embryo

basal cell

develops into the suspensor (umbilical cord) that connects the embryo to the parent sporophyte

does

ovary forms ____ form into the fruit

-simple fruit, aggregate fruit, and multiple fruit

does not

ovary ___ form into the fruit

accessory fruit

simple fruit

aggregate fruit

multiple fruit

accessory fruit

dermal tissue

tissue type made from epidermal cell that protects cells from injury

• waxy cuticle stops them from drying out

stoma

opening (pore) on the plants that allows for gas exchange

• surrounded by guard cells

trichome

periderm

the name of secondary tissue for old-growth plants

• increases the plant's width

• forms the outer bark

parenchyma

collenchyma

sclerenchyma

   

xylem

vascular tissue used for water and mineral transport

• transports from root to shoot

dead at maturation

phloem

vascular tissue that transports sugars

• transports in either direction depending on the time of year

alive at maturity

vascular cambium call

meristem that produces xylem (inside) and phloem (outside)

cork cambium

meristem that produces cork cells (periderm)

• always adds onto the outside of the bark

• forms the outer bark

function of roots

primary root

first root that emerges from the seed

• continued growth from the embryonic radicle

lateral root

root that grows from another root

adventitious root

roots that grows from something other than a root

monocot root

eudicot root

root cap

protects the RAM and produces the root

endodermis

cortex

type of ground tissue made up of layers of cells

• stores nutrients and transports water and salts from the root hairs to the center of the root

pericycle

lateral root growth starts from the ______

terminal bud

houses the SAM at the end of each branch

axillary bud

pith

located at the center of stem cross-sections

• parenchyma; ground tissue

monocot stem

eudicot stem

leaf growth

simple leaf

compound leaf

axillary bud

part of the leaf that includes the dormant SAM

palisade mesophyll

ground tissue in leaves

spongy mesophyll

ground tissue in leaves

secondary xylem

product of the vascular cambium

• wood

• appears once plant isnt green

• grows one ring every year

secondary phloem

forms the bark

initials

dividing cells of the vascular cambium