Dell Hymes Communication Model and Types of Speech Styles

Dell Hymes communication model

This model consists of 8 components in an abbreviation word ‘SPEAKING’

Setting

This refers to the time and place of a speech act

Participants

Refers to the speaker and audience

Ends

Refers to the purpose, goals, and outcomes of the communication

Act sequence

Refers to the form and order of the event

Key

This refers to the clues that establish the “TONE, MANNER, OR SPIRIT” of the speech act

Instrumentalities

Refers to the FORM and STYLES of speeches (medium)

Norms

Refers to the social rules governing the event

Norms

This component highlights what is socially acceptable in an event

Genre

The kind of speech acts or event (to inform, persuade, engage, or entertain)

Act sequence

You and your groupmates have an upcoming research defense. Once everything is prepared, you start presenting your title. But before you present, you first greet your panelist, then you introduce your title, the background of the study, etc. This scenario best describes what component?

Norms

You have been invited to Andrey’s birthday. His theme for his birthday is old money. To match the theme, you wear something formal for his birthday. Which component best describes this scenario?

Instrumentalities

Niko has a tita that works inside IIT. Outside school, he calls her tita or auntie. During classes, Niko calls her ‘Prof’ or ‘Maam’. Which component best describes this scenario?

Keys

Sam asked her friend out if she wanted to play volleyball after class. Her friend responded with “I’m not sure” with a tired voice. Noticing her friend who felt too tired to play after class, Sam nods her head and continues with her work. What component describes this scenario?

Intimate, casual, consultative, formal, frozen

These are the five (5) types of speech styles

Intimate speech style

This speech style refers to being private, which occurs between or among close family members or individuals

Intimate speech style

• Uses private vocabulary

• Meaning is shared even without ‘correct’ linguistic forms

Casual speech style

This speech style is common among friends, peers, and acquaintances that do not require background information

Casual speech style

• Jargon, slangs, and vernacular language are used in this speech style

• Interruptions often occur in this speech style

Consultative speech style

Uses professional or mutually acceptable language and it requires two-way communication

Formal speech style

This speech style is used in formal settings and is one-way

Formal speech style

• This speech style is forward and direct

• It does not allow interruptions

Formal speech style

It requires technical vocabulary and exact definitions as it is important in this speech style

Frozen speech style

This speech style is fixed in time and remains unchanged (static)

Intimate speech style

Having inside jokes with your best friend is an example of what speech style?

Casual speech style

Using the words “pare” or “pre” with a group of friends is an example of what speech style?

Consultative speech style

Communication between a teacher and a student is an example of what speech style?

Formal speech style

TedTalks, sermons, and speeches are examples of what speech style?

Frozen speech style

Reciting the IIT vision and mission is an example of what speech style?

Frozen speech style

Singing of the national anthem is an example of what speech style?

Language repertoire

This refers to the RANGE of languages, dialects, registers, styles, and linguistic varieties that an individual or community can use and understand it encompasses all the linguistic resources of a person or group possess

Language repertoire

This is shaped by their social, emotional, and cultural experiences and can change over time as they acquire new linguistic

Language repertoire

Languages, dialects, registers, styles, and code switching abilities are part of?

Language register

Refers to the LEVEL OF FORMALITY or style of language used in a particular context and setting

Language register

Another term for speech styles are?