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What is thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is the state in which two bodies in contact with each other exchange no heat energy, meaning they are at the same temperature.
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
The zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
What is heat?
Heat is the energy transferred between systems or bodies due to a temperature difference.
What is specific heat capacity?
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius.
What is an isolated system?
An isolated system is a physical system that does not allow energy or matter to enter or leave.
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the total heat content of a system.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.
What is the concept of energy conservation?
The concept of energy conservation states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed or transferred.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature at which a system has minimal thermal energy, equivalent to 0 Kelvin.
What is a heat engine?
A heat engine is a system that converts heat energy into mechanical work.
What is the Carnot cycle?
The Carnot cycle is a theoretical cycle that provides the maximum possible efficiency for a heat engine.
What is adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings.
What is an isothermal process
What is an isothermal process?
An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at a constant temperature.
What is the work done by a system in a thermodynamic process?
The work done by a system in a thermodynamic process is the energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance.
What is a thermodynamic system?
A thermodynamic system is a specified quantity of matter or a region in space that is under study.
What is heat transfer?
Heat transfer is the movement of thermal energy from one object to another due to a temperature difference.
What is latent heat?
Latent heat is the amount of heat required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature.
What is a reversible process in thermodynamics?
A reversible process is a thermodynamic process that can be reversed without leaving any trace on the surroundings.
What is a non-ideal gas?
A non-ideal gas is a gas that does not obey the ideal gas law under all conditions due to interactions between molecules.
What is the thermodynamic equilibrium?
Thermodynamic equilibrium is a state in which all macroscopic flows of matter and energy have ceased.
What is the concept of thermal conductivity?
Thermal conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct heat.
What is the significance of the Kelvin scale?
The Kelvin scale is significant because it starts at absolute
What is thermodynamics?
Thermodynamics is the branch of physics that studies the relationships between heat, work, temperature, and energy, exploring how energy is converted from one form to another and the laws that govern these processes.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of energy conservation, states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant; energy can be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed.
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The second law of thermodynamics introduces the concept of entropy, stating that in any energy exchange, if no energy enters or leaves the system, the potential energy of the state will always be less than that of the initial state; thus, the total entropy of an isolated system can never decrease over time.
What is thermal equilibrium?
Thermal equilibrium is defined as the condition where two bodies in thermal contact do not exchange heat because they are at the same temperature, resulting in no net flow of thermal energy between them, ensuring thermal balance.
What is the zeroth law of thermodynamics?
The zeroth law of thermodynamics establishes the foundational concept of temperature and thermal equilibrium, stating that if two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.
What is heat?
Heat is a form of energy that is transferred between systems or bodies due to a temperature difference, flowing from regions of higher temperature to regions of lower temperature until thermal equilibrium is achieved.
What is specific heat capacity?
Specific heat capacity is a physical property of materials defined as the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of a substance by one degree Celsius, reflecting how much energy is absorbed or released with temperature changes.
What is an isolated system?
An isolated system is a physical system that does not exchange energy or matter with its surroundings, meaning that all processes within the system occur without influence from external factors.
What is enthalpy?
Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the total heat content of a system, defined as the sum of the internal energy of the system and the product of its pressure and volume, allowing for the calculation of heat changes during processes.
What is kinetic energy?
Kinetic energy is the energy that an object possesses due to its motion, dependent on both its mass and the square of its velocity, and is calculated using the formula KE = 1/2 mv².
What is potential energy?
Potential energy is the energy stored within an object due to its position, arrangement, or state, such as gravitational potential energy arising from an object's height above the ground.
What is the concept of energy conservation?
The concept of energy conservation asserts that energy within an isolated system remains constant over time; it can be transformed from one form to another or transferred between bodies, but the total amount of energy remains unchanged.
What is absolute zero?
Absolute zero is the theoretical lowest temperature possible, measured at 0 Kelvin (-273.15 degrees Celsius), where a system is thought to have minimal thermal energy and molecular motion ceases.
What is a heat engine?
A heat engine is a thermodynamic device or system that converts thermal energy into mechanical work by harnessing heat energy from fuel combustion or other thermal processes and converting it into useful work output.
What is the Carnot cycle?
The Carnot cycle represents an idealized thermodynamic cycle that establishes the maximum efficiency a heat engine can achieve while operating between two heat reservoirs, serving as a standard benchmark for real-world heat engines.
What is an adiabatic process?
An adiabatic process is a thermodynamic process in which no heat is exchanged with the surroundings; the system is insulated from heat transfer, and any changes in internal energy occur solely due to work done on or by the system.
What is an isothermal process?
An isothermal process is a thermodynamic process that occurs at a constant temperature, during which the internal energy of an ideal gas remains constant as heat is added or removed, allowing the system to maintain equilibrium.
What is the work done by a system in a thermodynamic process?
The work done by a system in a thermodynamic process is defined as the energy transferred when an external force is applied over a distance, often represented by pressure-volume work in gas systems.
What is a thermodynamic system?
A thermodynamic system is a defined quantity of matter or a specific area of space under study, which can exchange energy or matter with its surroundings, classified as open, closed, or isolated based on its interactions.
What is heat transfer?
Heat transfer refers to the movement of thermal energy from one object or system to another due to a temperature difference, occurring through conduction, convection, or radiation.
What is latent heat?
Latent heat is the specific amount of heat energy absorbed or released by a substance during a phase change (such as melting or boiling) without a change in temperature, crucial for understanding phase transitions.
What is a reversible process in thermodynamics?
A reversible process is an idealized thermodynamic process that can be reversed without leaving any permanent change in either the system or the surroundings; it is theoretical and reflects maximum efficiency.
What is a non-ideal gas?
A non-ideal gas is a type of gas that does not conform perfectly to the ideal gas law, particularly under high pressure or low temperature conditions, due to significant intermolecular forces and volume limitations.
What is the thermodynamic equilibrium?
Thermodynamic equilibrium is the state of a system where all macroscopic flows of matter and energy have ceased, achieving a stable condition where temperature, pressure, and chemical potential are uniform throughout the system.
What is the concept of thermal conductivity?
Thermal conductivity is a material property that quantifies how efficiently heat is conducted through a material; materials with high thermal conductivity quickly transfer heat, while those with low conductivity are better insulators.
What is the significance of the Kelvin scale?
The Kelvin scale is significant in thermodynamics because it provides an absolute temperature scale starting at absolute zero, allowing for meaningful comparisons in
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