ANH 10 DUYEN HAI 2025-20

Vulnerability /ˌvʌl.nərˈə.bɪl.ə.ti/

the quality of being easily hurt, harmed, or emotionally exposed + sự dễ bị tổn thương + highlight the vulnerability of sb

reinforce /ˌriː.ɪnˈfɔːs/

to make an idea, feeling, or opinion stronger + củng cố, làm mạnh thêm + reinforce a theme/idea/belief

instinctual behavior /ɪnˈstɪŋk.tʃu.əl bɪˈheɪ.vjər/

behavior that comes naturally, without conscious thought + hành vi bản năng + instinctual behavior and survival

comedic relief /kəˌmiː.dɪk rɪˈliːf/

a humorous moment inserted into a serious work to ease tension + yếu tố hài hước giảm căng thẳng + provide comedic relief

unpredictability /ˌʌn.prɪˌdɪk.təˈbɪl.ə.ti/

the state of not being able to be known or foreseen in advance + sự khó lường + add a layer of unpredictability

redefine the boundaries/ˌriː.dɪˈfaɪn ðə ˈbaʊn.dər.iz/

to change the accepted limits of what something can be or do + định nghĩa lại giới hạn + redefine the boundaries of art

overly reliant /ˌəʊ.və.li rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/

depending on something too much + quá phụ thuộc vào + be overly reliant on spectacle

spectacle /ˈspek.tə.kəl/

a visually striking( đẹp nội bật ) or dramatic public display + cảnh tượng hoành tráng, sự phô trương + rely on spectacle rather than technique

incorporate /ɪnˈkɔː.pər.eɪt/

to include something as part of a whole + kết hợp, lồng ghép, tích hợp + incorporate sth into one's work ( corporate(adj)= tập đoàn lớn)

overshadow /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃæd.əʊ/

to make someone or something seem less important by comparison + làm lu mờ + overshadow the human presence

necessary evolution /ˌnes.ə.ser.i ˌiː.vəˈluː.ʃən/

a gradual, essential change or development over time + sự tiến hóa/phát triển tất yếu + a necessary evolution to keep sth going

organic methods /ɔːˈɡæn.ɪk ˈmeθ.ədz/

approaches that develop naturally rather than being forced + phương pháp tự nhiên + reject in favor of organic methods

seamlessly /ˈsiːm.ləs.li/

smoothly, with no noticeable breaks or transitions( s.chuyển tiếp ) + một cách liền mạch, khớp hoàn hảo, trơn tru + fit together seamlessly

unconventional /ˌʌn.kənˈven.ʃən.əl/

not based on or conforming(tuân thủ theo quy tắc xã hội;obey= tuân thủ một lời yêu cầu của cấp trên,..;adhere to= tuân thủ theo cách trung thành ví dụ theo một bản cam kết) to what is generally done or believed + khác thường, phi truyền thống + unconventional elements/methods

symbolic /sɪmˈbɒl.ɪk/

representing or standing for something else, especially an idea + mang tính biểu tượng + symbolic use of set design

urban decay /ˌɜː.bən dɪˈkeɪ/

he process by which a city or part of it falls into(suy tàn)+ sự suy tàn đô thị + depict(khắc họa) urban decay

tension /ˈten.ʃən/

a feeling of nervous excitement, suspense(/səˈspens/=hồi hộp), or unresolved conflict(/ˈkɑːnflɪkt/=sự xung đột) + sự căng thẳng, kịch tính + introduce/create tension + anticipate/create tension

choreographer /ˌkɔːriˈɒɡrəfər/

người biên đạo múa

coherent /ˈkoʊ.hɪr.ənt/

logical and consistent; easy to follow + mạch lạc, có lý,dễ hiểu + a coherent argument/testimony(/ˈtes.tɪ.mən.i/=lời khai) + he presented a coherent argument to support his case

plausible /ˈplɑː.zə.bəl/

seeming reasonable or probable, though not necessarily true + có vẻ hợp lý, đáng tin + a plausible explanation + she offered a plausible explanation for her absence

inconsistent /ˌɪn.kənˈsɪs.tənt/

containing parts that contradict(mẫu thuẫn) each other; not staying the same + mâu thuẫn, không nhất quán + inconsistent testimony/statement + his recent actions are inconsistent with his previous statements

transparent /trænsˈper.ənt/

open, honest, and easy to see through with nothing hidden + minh bạch, rõ ràng + a transparent process + the company promised a transparent process for hiring

curb /kɜːrb/

to control or limit something, especially something undesirable + kiềm chế, hạn chế ko muốn + curb costs/spending/inflation + the government is trying to curb inflation;curb(n)=lề đường

hinder /ˈhɪn.dɚ/

to create difficulties that delay or prevent progress + cản trở + hinder progress/development + strict regulations might hinder economic progress

fabricate /ˈfæb.rə.keɪt/

to invent false information in order to deceive + bịa đặt, ngụy tạo + fabricate evidence/facts + he tried to fabricate evidence to cover up his mistake

NOTE:

FAKE: make sth not real → real

FORGE:làm giả tinh vi (banknote,document,painting,money)

FABRICATE: nhấn mạnh sự create

FALSIFY: sửa đổi trái phép ( chang to cheat )

mitigate /ˈmɪt.ə.ɡeɪt/

to make something bad less severe or serious + giảm nhẹ, làm dịu + mitigate risks/costs/damage + steps were taken to mitigate environmental damage

bite the bullet /baɪt ðə ˈbʊl.et/

to force oneself to do something difficult or unpleasant + cắn răng chịu đựng, chấp nhận việc khó + bite the bullet and start over + i had to bite the bullet and accept the new terms

convoluted /ˈkɑːn.və.luː.tɪd/

extremely complex and difficult to follow + cực kỳ phức tạp,khó hiểu + a convoluted explanation + the instructions were too convoluted to follow

profound /prəˈfaʊnd/

having deep meaning or a very great effect + sâu sắc + a profound impact/effect + the book had a profound impact on my life

succinct /səkˈsɪŋkt/

expressed clearly and in few words + ngắn gọn, súc tích + a succinct summary + she gave a succinct summary of the report

lucid /ˈluː.sɪd/

expressed clearly, easy to understand + rõ ràng, dễ hiểu + a lucid explanation + the professor gave a lucid explanation of the theory

excessive /ɪkˈses.ɪv/

more than what is necessary, normal, or reasonable + quá mức + excessive hours/amount + workers complained about excessive hours

extended hours /ɪkˈsten.dɪd ˈaʊərz/

hours that are made longer than usual + giờ làm việc kéo dài + work extended hours + the store decided to work extended hours during the holiday

inflated /ɪnˈfleɪ.tɪd/

made artificially larger or higher than is reasonable + bị thổi phồng (giá, số liệu)(NĐ,NB) + inflated prices/figures + consumers are frustrated by inflated prices

exaggerate:thổi phồng(lời nói,mô tả,mức độ nghiêm trọng)

put one's foot in it /pʊt wʌnz fʊt ɪn ɪt/

to say something embarrassing or tactless(thiếu tế nhị) by mistake + nói/làm điều không hay, "lỡ lời", thiếu tế nhị + he put his foot in it + he really put his foot in it when he made that joke

abandon /əˈbæn.dən/

to give up or stop doing something completely + từ bỏ + abandon a project + they had to abandon the project due to a lack of funds

tangible /ˈtæn.dʒə.bəl/

able to be touched, felt, or clearly perceived as real + hữu hình, cụ thể + tangible benefits/results + the new policy brought tangible benefits to the employees

perpetual /pəˈpetʃ.u.əl/

continuing forever or for a long time without stopping + liên tục, vĩnh viễn, liên miên + a perpetual lack of resources + the company suffered from a perpetual lack of resources

-perpetual motion:chuyển động vĩnh cửu

-perpetual fear:nỗi sợ kéo dài,liên miên

-perpetual conflict:xung đột dai dẳng

glaring /ˈɡler.ɪŋ/

very obvious, especially something bad or wrong + rõ ràng, hiển nhiên (thường tiêu cực) + a glaring lack/error + there was a glaring error in the financial report

sidekick

cộng sự thân thiết

negligible /'neg.lɪ.dʒə.bəl/

so small or unimportant that it is not worth considering + không đáng kể + Ví dụ.negligible impact/difference.

distort /dɪ'stɔːt/

to change facts in a way that gives a false impression + bóp méo,xuyên tạc + Ví dụ.distort the facts/truth.

confine /kən'faɪn/

to keep someone or something within limits + giới hạn,giam giữ + Ví dụ.be confined to sth.

defy /dɪ'faɪ/

to openly refuse to obey or to go against what is expected + thách thức,bất chấp, công khai từ chối tuân theo + Ví dụ là defy expectations/logic.

get the ball rolling (idiom) /'rəʊ.lɪŋ/

to start an activity or process + bắt đầu tiến hành công việc + Ví dụ là get the ball rolling on a project.

refute /rɪ'fjuːt/

to prove that a statement or theory is wrong + bác bỏ để chứng minh rằng statement or theory is wrong + Ví dụ là refute a claim.

endorse /ɪn'dɔːs/

to publicly state that you approve of or support something + công khai ủng hộ,tán thành, chứng thực + Ví dụ endorse a product/claim.

commend /kə'mend/

to praise someone or something formally + khen ngợi + Ví dụ commend sb for sth.

raise doubts /reɪz daʊts/=cast doubt on

to cause people to feel uncertain about something + dấy lên sự nghi ngờ + Ví dụ là raise doubts about sth.

prompt (v) /prɒmpt/

to cause someone to do something or make something happen + thúc đẩy,gợi ra + Ví dụ là prompt doubts/a reaction. promptness,prompt(adj):nhanh chóng,kịp thời

spark (v) /spɑːk/

to cause a sudden strong reaction, argument, or interest + châm ngòi.khơi mào + Ví dụ là spark doubts/controversy.

initiate /ɪ'nɪʃ.i.eɪt/

to cause a process or action to begin + khởi xướng + Ví dụ. initiate a process/discussion.

negate /nɪ'geɪt/

to cause something to have no effect; to deny + làm mất tác dụng, phủ nhận + Ví dụ negate an effect.

nullify /'nʌl.ə.faɪ/

to make something legally invalid or ineffective + vô hiệu hóa + Ví dụ.nullify an agreement.

ratify /'ræt.ɪ.faɪ/

to give official, formal approval to an agreement + phê chuẩn + Ví dụ là ratify an agreement/treaty.

brush sth under the rug/carpet (idiom) /brʌʃ.../

to hide or ignore a problem instead of dealing with it + giấu nhẹm,ngó lơ, che đậy vấn đề thay vì giải quyết nó + Ví dụ.brush an issue under the rug.

monotonous /məˈnɒtənəs/

dull and repetitive; lacking variety + đơn điệu + a monotonous account/routine

tentative /ˈtentətɪv/

an agreement that is not yet final or certain + thỏa thuận tạm thời, chưa chắc chắn + reach a tentative agreement

groundbreaking /ˈɡraʊndbreɪkɪŋ/

introducing new ideas or methods; highly innovative + mang tính đột phá + a groundbreaking discovery

unanimous /juːˈnænɪməs/

agreed on by everyone without exception + nhất trí, đồng thuận hoàn toàn + a unanimous decision/agreement

detrimental /ˌdetrɪˈmentl/

causing harm or damage + có hại + a detrimental impact/effect on sth

imperative /ɪmˈperətəv/

extremely important or urgent + cấp thiết, bắt buộc + it is imperative that...

inadvertent /ˌɪnədˈvɜːtənt/

not done on purpose; accidental + vô tình, không cố ý + an inadvertent mistake

preposterous /prɪˈpɒstərəs/

completely unreasonable or absurd + vô lý, lố bịch + dismiss sth as preposterous

meticulous /məˈtɪkjələs/

showing great care and attention to detail + tỉ mỉ, cẩn thận + meticulous research

hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/

(of words or promises) without real sincerity or meaning + trống rỗng, giả tạo + hollow promises

robust /rəʊˈbʌst/

strong and healthy; not easily broken or weakened + mạnh mẽ, vững chắc, vững chãi + a robust economy/argument

concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/

definite, clear, based on facts rather than ideas + cụ thể, rõ ràng + concrete evidence/plans

compelling /kəmˈpelɪŋ/

so interesting or convincing that it holds your full attention + thuyết phục, lôi cuốn + a compelling argument/story

be on the edge (about) /bi ɒn ði edʒ/

to be in a state of uncertainty or hesitation about a decision + phân vân, do dự

vivid /ˈvɪvɪd/

producing very clear, powerful images in the mind + sống động + a vivid account/description

redundant /rɪˈdʌndənt/

no longer needed; more than what is necessary + dư thừa, thái quá + redundant information

haphazard /hæpˈhæzəd/

done without any organization or plan + lộn xộn, tùy tiện + a haphazard account/approach

relentless /rɪˈlentləs/

without stopping or becoming weaker + không ngừng, dai dẳng + relentless pressure

scrupulous /ˈskruːpjələs/

very careful and thorough, especially about doing what is right + cẩn trọng, chu đáo (đạo đức) + scrupulous attention to detail

ripples (n) /ˈrɪplz/

a spreading effect or series of consequences from an event + gợn sóng nhỏ, hiệu ứng lan tỏa + send ripples through sth

tremors (n) /ˈtreməz/

small shaking movements; minor shocks of unease + chấn động (nhẹ), sự run rẩy + send tremors through a company

shocks /ˈʃɒks/

sudden, strong feelings of surprise or disturbance + cú sốc + send shocks through sth