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anatomical position
Standing body erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward with thumbs pointing away from body; Standard point of reference in Anatomy & Physiology

Directional terms
Terms used to explain where one body structure is in relation to another; Direction is always based on standard anatomical position
Superior (Cranial)
toward the head end or upper part of a structure or the body; above

Inferior (Caudal)
away from the head end or toward the lower part of a structure or the body; below

Anterior
toward the front of the body; in front of
Posterior
toward the back of the body; behind
Ventral
belly side
Dorsal
spine side
Medial
toward the midline of the body; on the inner side of

Lateral
away from the midline of the body; on the outer side of

Proximal
closer to the origin of the body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Distal
farther from the origin of a body part or the point of attachment of a limb to the body trunk

Superficial (external)
toward or at the body surface

Deep (internal)
away from the body surface; more internal

Axial
head, neck, trunk
Appendicular
upper and lower limbs
Cephalic
head

Frontal
forehead

Orbital
eye

Nasal
nose

Buccal
cheek area (lower)

Zygomatic
upper cheek area

Oral
mouth

mental
chin

cervical
neck

thoracic
chest
sternal
breastbone area

axillary
armpit

mammary
breast

abdominal
abdomen

umbilical (naval)
belly button area

pelvic
pelvis

inguinal
groin

pubic
genital region

upper limb
arm

acromial
shoulder

brachial
arm

antecubital
front of elbow

carpal
wrist

manus
hand

metacarpal
palm

pollex
thumb

digital/phalangeal
fingers, toes

lower limb
leg

coxal
hip

femoral
thigh

patellar
front of knee (kneecap)

popliteal
back of knee

crural
shin or anterior lower leg (knee to ankle)

sural
calf or posterior surface of the leg

fibular (peroneal)
lateral side of the leg

pedal
foot

tarsal
ankle

calcaneal
heel of foot

metatarsal
top of foot between toes and ankle

plantar
sole of foot

hallux
big toe

otic
ear

occipital
back of head

scapular
shoulder blade region

vertebral
spinal column

lumbar
lower back

sacral
area between hips

gluteal
buttock

perineal
region between the anus and external genitalia

clavicular
collarbone area
supraclavicular
above the clavicle; above the collarbone area

cranial
skull; head

Sagittal plane
divides body into left and right

Midsagittal (median) plane
divides body into exactly equal left and right (perfectly on the midline)

Parasagittal plane
divides body into left and right, off center, not on the midline

Frontal (coronal) plane
divides the body into anterior and posterior parts (front and back)

Transverse (horizontal) plane
divides the body into superior and inferior parts (top and bottom); produces cross sections

Oblique section
Result of cuts at angle other than 90° to vertical plane
