Biology Exam Revision

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts from biology related to genetics, inheritance, natural selection, and ecosystems.

Active Recall

A revision technique that involves testing oneself, teaching someone else, or performing a brain dump.

Cramming

A passive revision technique involving last-minute studying.

Forgetting Curve

A graph that shows how information is lost over time when there is no attempt to retain it.

Diploid

A cell or organism that has two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent.

Haploid

A cell or organism that has a single set of unpaired chromosomes.

Allele

A variant form of a gene.

Homozygous

Having two identical alleles for a particular gene.

Heterozygous

Having two different alleles for a particular gene.

Karyotype

A visual image of the chromosomes in a cell, used to assess chromosomal abnormalities.

Trisomy

A chromosomal condition where there are three copies of a chromosome instead of the usual two.

Monosomy

A chromosomal condition where there is only one copy of a chromosome instead of the usual two.

Genotype

The genetic constitution of an individual, represented by a combination of alleles.

Phenotype

The observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, as determined by genetic and environmental influences.

Pedigree Chart

A diagram representing the genetic history of a family, often used to analyze inheritance patterns.

Natural Selection

The process by which individuals with favorable inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce.

Evolution

A change in the allele frequency of a population's gene pool over successive generations.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Biotic Factors

The living components of an ecosystem that affect other organisms.

Abiotic Factors

The non-living physical and chemical components of an ecosystem.

Invasive Species

Non-native species that spread widely and can harm ecosystems.

Symbiotic Relationships

Interactions between organisms of different species that may benefit one or both parties.