biol 2 lab microscope/microbial notes

Total magnification

Degree of magnification x 10x ( ocular lens magnification)

Degree of magnification

40x , 100x , 200x , 400x

Compound microscope

The image you see is reversed 

•If you move the specimen to the right, it moves left in your lens

•If you move the specimen up, it moves down in your lens

•The higher you move in objective magnification, the more the incoming light decreases

Dissecting microscope

• used for all live specimens and larger organisms that are not prepared on a slide

• Images are not reversed

Prokaryotes

The bacteria and the archaea

Shape , Gram staining (characteristics)

Bacteria

Live in extreme hot/cold environments, digestive systems and deep underground

Cyanobacteria

Important in oxygen production

Archaea

Called extremophiles

Dead sea , Hot springs , Sulfuric acid

Methanogens

Contains methane

Usually in termites and cattle

Trichonympha

convert cellulose in wood into starches and sugars that the termite can use as nutrients

Mutualistic relationship

Trichonympha in termites

Bacilli

Rod shaped

Cocci

Spherical

Spirilli

Spiral shaped

Eukaryotes

◍Includes protists, plants, fungi and animals

○Protists can be autotrophs, heterotrophs and parasites

○Plants are considered Eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic

Gram staining

helps your doctor learn if you have a bacterial infection, and what type of bacteria is causing it to prescribe you the correct medication.

Gram staining

In cell wall

Locomotion

Paramecium , amoeba , euglena (movable organisms)

Foraminifera

Single-celled organisms characterized by their external shell, or "test"

found in marine, brackish, and even some freshwater environments

Radiolarian

Intricate, glassy exoskeletons, typically composed of silica

•Found as zooplankton in all oceans,

Amoeba

Form temporary cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia,

Paramecium

Common in freshwater

Using their cilia to channel food into oral groove

Euglena

found primarily in freshwater environ­ments

Two flagella

Microscope rules

Always carry a scope with two hands, by the arm and the base

Always start at the lowest magnification and work your way up once you see a clear imagine of the slide