Unit 5 DDT

regurgitation

to flow backwards; in CV system refers to backflow of blood through a valve

endocarditis

inflammation of membranes lining the heart; if cause is bacterial, a bacterial colony called vegetation may form

congestive heart failure

left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, and edema

Cardiology

The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Physician is a cardiologist. 

sphygmomanometer

blood pressure cuff; measures blood pressure

palpitations

pounding, racing heartbeats

polyarteritis

inflammation of several arteries

stethoscope

instrument for listening to body sounds

murmur

a sound in addition to normal heart sounds; may or may not indicate an abnormality

myocarditis

inflammation of heart muscle layer

peripheral vascular disease

abnormal condition affecting any blood vessel outside the heart; symptoms may include pain, pallor, and blocked circulation

premature atrial contraction

atria contract earlier than they should

cardiomyopathy

myocardial disease; may be caused by viral infection, congestive heart failure, or alcohol abuse; common reason for heart transplant

patent ductus arteriosus

congenital heart anomaly where fetal connection between pulmonary artery and aorta fails to close at birth

heart valve stenosis

cusps are too stiff; unable to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

coronary artery disease

poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart

orthostatic hypotension

sudden drop in blood pressure when standing up suddenly

valvulitis

inflammation of a heart valve

bundle branch block

electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down the bundle of HIS or bundle branches

thrombophlebitis

inflammation of vein resulting in blood clots within a vein

arrhythmia

 irregularity in heartbeat or action

atheroma

deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque

fibrillation

serious arrhythmia characterized by abnormal quivering or contraction of heart fibers; may result in cardiac arrest

bradycardia

condition of having a slow heart rate

Raynaud’s phenomenon

periodic ischemic attacks affecting extremities; especially fingers, toes, ears, and nose; extremities become cyanotic; triggered by cold exposure.

plaque

yellow, fatty deposit of lipids in an artery; hallmark of atherosclerosis

pericarditis

inflammation of pericardial sac

cardiomegaly

an abnormally enlarged heart

tachycardia

condition of having a fast heart rate

arteriorrhexis

 a ruptured artery

cardiac arrest

complete stopping of heart activity

coarctation of the aorta

severe congenital narrowing of aorta

infarct

area of necrotic tissue due to loss of blood supply

flutter

atria beat too rapidly but maintain a regular pattern

heart valve prolapse

cusps are too loose and fail to shut tightly; allows regurgitation

atherosclerosis

most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall

phlebitis

inflammation of a vein

arteriosclerosis

hardening and loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis

angina pectoris

severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia

varicose veins

swollen and distended veins; often in the legs

auscultation

listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope

tetralogy of Fallot

combination of four congenital anomalies; pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, improper placement of aorta, hypertrophy of right ventricle; requires immediate surgery

premature ventricular contraction

ventricles contract earlier than they should

hemorrhoid

varicose veins in anal region

hypotension

decrease in blood pressure; may be due to shock or anemia

ischemia

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to a circulatory obstruction

hypertension

high blood pressure: essential or primary hypertension is due to CV disease; secondary hypertension results from another disease

thrombus

blood clot within a blood vessel; may partially or completely occlude blood vessel

myocardial infarction (MI)

occlusion of coronary artery; results in a myocardial infarct; a heart attack

congenital septal defect

hole, present at birth, in heart septum; allows mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

aneurysm

weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries