Chapter 15 6th Edition No MC choices

Which of the following forms of homicide is exempt from penalties according to Canadian criminal law?

manslaughter

self-defence

infanticide

first-degree murder

second-degree murder

self-defence

All of the following have a maximum penalty of life in prison (25 years with no chance of parole) except _________________.

manslaughter

first-degree murder

infanticide

second-degree murder

all have a penalty of life in prison.

infanticide

Carson arrived home from a business trip to find his girlfriend Sonya in bed with his best friend Jake. He flies off the handle, grabs a gun from the closet, and shoots them both. What type of homicide would Carson most likely be guilty of?

manslaughter

In the process of sexually assaulting a woman, Joseph kills her via suffocation. Joseph is most likely be guilty of ________________.

first degree mrder

Within the past decade, homicide rates in countries such as Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom has:

generally decreased

In general, homicide represents approximately ____ % of all crimes in Canada.

1

Despite what many members of the public might think, homicide is actually a relatively rare offence in Canada, representing less than _____% of all violent crimes.

1

Canada's homicide rate has been ________ since the early 1990s and is currently at its _________ rate since the ______.

decreasing, lowest, 1960s

In 2014, which province or territory reported the lowest homicide rate in Canada?

Newfoundland and Labrador

In 2014, ____homicides were committed by youth (out of 516).

25

What is the difference between instrumental violence and reactive violence?

Instrumental violence is used to achieve an external gain whereas reactive violence is in response to provocation.

Instrumental violence is in response to provocation whereas reactive violence is used to achieve an external gain.

Instrumental violence is unplanned and reactive violence is planned.

Instrumental violence is driven by negative emotions and reactive violence is driven by positive emotions.

Instrumental violence is more likely to be committed by females and reactive violence is more likely to be committed by males.

Instrumental violence is used to achieve an external gain whereas reactive violence is in response to provocation

Instrumental aggression is also known as __________ aggression, whereas reactive aggression is also known as _________ aggression.

predatory, affective

In their study on reactive versus instrumental homicides, Woodworth and Porter (2002) found that the highest percentage of homicides in their sample were classified as _____________.

purely instrumental

In their large scale study of homicides in the United States between 1990 and 1994, Miethe and Drass (1999) classified homicides as reactive or instrumental and examined whether victim-offender relationship was related to the type of violence used. Which of the following statements accurately reflects their findings?

Most homicides were instrumental independent of victim-offender relationship.

Homicides committed by family members or acquaintances were more likely to be reactive relative to stranger homicides.

Homicides committed by strangers were more likely to be reactive relative to instrumental murders committed by acquaintances.

Family members are the most likely to commit reactive murders, whereas instrumental murders are most likely committed by acquaintances of the victim.

Instrumental murders are most commonly associated with family members, relative to homicides committed by either strangers or acquaintances.

Homicides committed by family members or acquaintances were more likely to be reactive relative to stranger homicides

The term _________________ describes the act of a child being killed by their own parents.

filicide

Woodworth and Porter (2002) found offenders who scored higher on the PCL-R were more likely to commit __________ homicides compared to offenders who scored lower on the PCL-R.

instrumental

Arlene is a young 18-year-old girl who has hidden her pregnancy from her family because she knows they would reject her and her child if they found out. She wants to live and eventually find a husband, but is scared of what others will think of her 'bastard' child. Within a few hours after the birth of her child, she wrapped the newborn in blankets and smothered it until the baby was no longer breathing. What type of homicide has Arlene committed?

neonaticide

What type of mental illness in women is most likely associated with suicidal or homicidal thoughts within the first three months after childbirth?

post-partum psychosis

What type of homicide is almost always committed by a man?

familicide

Jared believes that he is going to lose his job, his family will be unable to afford to live their current lifestyle, doesn't see another way out, and doesn't want his family to suffer. After a particularly bad day at work, he goes home, kills his wife and 3 children, and then shoots himself. What type of murderer would Jared most accurately be classified as?

despondent non-hostile killer

Randy is an aggressive individual who often blames his wife for his own shortcomings. He accuses her repeatedly of cheating on him, but feels stuck in the relationship and wants it to end. One day after work, he comes home and overhears his wife talking on the phone to Bill, their insurance agent. He again accuses her of having an affair with him, and shoots her and then their son so he can have a "fresh start". What type of murderer would Randy most accurately be classified as?

hostile accusatory killer

Which type of homicide occurs with approximately half of perpetrators committing suicide following the murder?

familicide

What is one feature of homicides that is more common in homicides committed by youth than those committed by adults?

being acquainted with victim(s)

being drunk or high

having an accomplice

killing a family member

using reactive violence

having an accomplice

Which of the following is not one of the categories within the typology of juvenile homicide developed by Cornell, Benedek, and Benedek (1987)?

crime

psychotic

conflict

predatory

all of the above are part of the typology

predatory

A youth who kills his or her parents would be guilty of what type of homicide?

parricide

The killing of a wife by her husband is referred to as __________________.

uxoricide

Mariticide refers to:

killing of a husband by his wife

Sinha (2012) reported that there are two major motivations underlying intimate partner homicides in Canada. What are these motivations?

arguments and jealousy

Which of the following risk factors were not identified by Campbell, Webster, and Kozoil-McLain (2003) in their examination of femicide?

the offender has access to a gun

previous threats were made with a weapon

estrangement

the victim left the offender for another partner

the offender suffers from psychopathy

the offender suffers from psychopathy

Spencer wants to kill his wife. Which of the following is most likely true concerning this type of homicide according to the research discussed in your text?

He is more likely to beat or strangle her than shoot her.

He is not likely to kill himself after the homicide.

He is likely to thoroughly plan the homicide.

He will not use excessive force as he just wants her dead.

He is not likely to feel any remorse.

He is more likely to beat or strangle her than shoot her

For Beauregard and Martineau's (2013) sample of Canadian serial killers, the average age of the offender in was _____ years, the majority of offenders were ____, most offenders were _____ at the time of the crimes, and the offenders had a _______ criminal history.

28.4, Caucasian, single, diverse

What is the key difference between mass murder and serial murder?

Mass murder does not involve a cooling-off period between offences whereas serial murder

What type of murder generally occurs across a number of different locations but with no cooling off period?

spree murder

Concerning the difference between female and male serial murderers, which of the following statements is true?

Both male and female serial murderers tend to have a history of criminal offences.

Females are more likely than males to use poison as the method of murder.

Males are more likely than females to kill for money.

Females are more geographically mobile than males.

Males are more likely to kill family members than females.

Females are more likely than males to use poison as the method of murder

Concerning the difference between male and female serial murderers, which of the following statements is true?

Females are more likely to kill family members than males.

Females often kill to gain sexual gratification or control over their partners.

Males often kill with an accomplice in about half of the homicides they commit.

Males are more likely to be territorial and carry out all killings in one location or area.

Males are more likely to kill for money than females.

Females are more likely to kill family members than males.

Which of the following types of serial murderers is not included in the classification system proposed by Holmes and Holmes (1998)?

the hedonistic serial murderer

the visionary serial murderer

the sadistic serial murderer

the power/control serial murderer

the mission-oriented serial murderer

the sadistic serial murderer

According to Holmes and Holmes (1998), which type of serial murderer is most likely to be diagnosed as delusional or psychotic?

the visionary serial murderer

According to Holmes and Holmes (1998), _______________ serial murderers is primarily motivated by material or financial gain?

the comfort

According to Holmes and Holmes (1998), the ________________ serial murderer is primarily motivated by the excitement he derives from seeing his or her victims in terror or pain?

the thrill

James believes that all prostitutes are scum and taint the world with their "sins". As a result, he desires to eliminate them all, and begins targeting prostitutes as his murder victims. According to the typology proposed by Holmes and Holmes (1998), James is a ______________ serial murder.

mission-oriented

Levi is a serial killer who tortures his victims and desires to make them "his puppets". He wants to be able to dominate their every action and have them 'move' only for him. According to the typology proposed by Holmes and Holmes (1998), what type of serial killer is Levi?

the power/control serial murderer

Which of the following is not one of the classification categories proposed by Keppel and Walter (1999) to classify sexual murderers?

power-assertive killer

anger-retaliation killer

opportunistic-excitation killer

power-reassurance killer

anger-excitation killer

opportunistic-excitation killer

École Polytechnique, Columbine, Virginia Tech, Sandy Hook Elementary, and Dawson College all are examples of what type of murder?

mass

Which of the following characteristics was not identified by Fox and Levin (2012) as a feature of mass murderers?

They are socially isolated and lack interpersonal skills.

They select targets that represent who they hate or blame for their problems.

They often feel rejected by others.

Their crimes often are impulsive and "snap" reactions to perceived insults.

They are frequently depressed and angry persons.

Their crimes often are impulsive and "snap" reactions to perceived insults

According to social learning theorists, aggressive behaviour is the product of

learning

A recent theory of aggression is based on the GAM, a model developed by Anderson and Bushman (2002). GAM refers to the ______________________.

General Aggression Model

According to the __________________, crime and homicide can be thought of as adaptive behaviours that help us to survive to pass on our genes.

evolutionary theory

According to social learning theorists, aggression also is influenced by indirect rewards that include all of the following except __________________.

mass media

peer group

family circle

observing others

genetic influences

genetic influences

In a meta-analysis by Jolliffe and Farrington (2007), what type of violent offender treatment program was found to be least effective in reducing violent reoffending?

empathy training

Which of the following is not one of the treatment target areas incorporated into programs offered to violent offenders?

employment and economic planning

anger management

social skills

emotion management

self-regulation

employment and economic planning

4 main types of homicide recognized in Canada

first-degree murder, second-degree murder, manslaughter, infanticide

filicide

killing of children by biological or stepparent

familicide

killing of a spouse and children

femicide

general term referring to killing of a women

mariticide

killing of a husband by his wife

two types of familicide murderers

despondent non-hostile and hostile accusatory killer

Identify the three categories of juvenile homicide offenders outlined by Cornell, Benedek, and Benedek (1987),

psychotic, conflict, crime

serial killers

have killed three or more victims in three separate events at different locations with a cooling off period

mass murder

kill four or more victims in one event at one location, no cooling off period

motivation of hedonistic serial murderers

self-gratification

3 subtypes of hedonistic serial murderers

lust, thrill, comfort

motivated by sexual gratification and becomes stimulated by the process of killing

lust murderer

motivated by the excitement associated with seeing their victim experience terror or pain

thrill murderer

motivated by material or financial gain

comfort murderer

four major types of serial murderers proposed by Holmes and Holmes (1998)

visionary, mission oriented, hedonistic, power/control oriented

serial murderer is not motivated by sexual gratification but by wanting to have absolute dominance over the victim.

power/control oriented

serial murderers are motivated by self-gratification

hedonistic

serial murderer believes there is a group of undesirable people who should be eliminated, such as homeless people, sex-trade workers, or a specific minority group.

mission oriented

serial murderer kills in response to voices or visions telling him or her to kill. This type of serial murderer would most likely be diagnosed as delusional or psychotic.

visionary