this benchmarks review

Three ways the U.S. government mobilized industries for war?

War Production Board (WPB), The Office of Price Administration (OPA), The National War Labor Board (NWLB)

War Production Board (WPB)

Organized nation's industrial /agricultural output

The Office of Price Administration (OPA)

Rationing, limit inflation / shortages

The National War Labor Board (NWLB)

Imposed ceilings on wage increases

Five ways the government took control of the economy and funded the war?

Rationing, Victory Gardens, Scrapping, Victory/war bonds, Limiting strikes

How did the roles of minorities begin to shift in WWII?

-Women serve in non-traditional jobs---working in war related industry

-A. Philip Randolph threatens to march on Washington if discrimination in wartime industry doesn't end------FDR issues Executive Order 8802

Big Stick Diplomacy

the foreign policy approach used by President Theodore Roosevelt. emphasizing negotiation backed by the threat of military force. The phrase comes from Roosevelt's motto: "Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far."

Key Characteristics of Big Stick Diplomacy

a powerful navy (the Great White Fleet), ready to use force if needed, justified U.S. involvement in Latin America to maintain stability and protect American interests (e.g., the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine).

Dollar Diplomacy

a foreign policy used mainly by President William Howard Taft (1909-1913) to expand American influence through economic investment rather than military force. It aimed to promote U.S. commercial and financial interests abroad, especially in Latin America and East Asia.

Key Characteristics of Dollar Diplomacy:

Economic Influence Over Military Force, promoted investing in infrastructure, railroads, and industries in developing nations,Protection of U.S. Financial Interests, Latin America & East Asia Focus-Dutcome: While it helped expand U.S. economic influence, it often created resentment in foreign Duntries, leading to political instability and increased U.S. intervention.

Moral Diplomacy

a foreign policy approach used by President Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921) that focused on promoting democracy, human rights, and ethical foreign relations rather than military force or economic pressure.

Key Characteristics of Moral Diplomacy:

support for Democratic Governments,Opposition to Imperialism,Non-Recognition of Hostile Governments, Intervention for Moral Reasons, Helped spread democratic ideals, Created tension with nations,Set a precedent for later policies that linked foreign relations with human rights and democratic values.

Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)

Domestic: End of Reconstruction, Civil Service Reform

James A. Garfield (1881)

Domestic: Civil Service Reform (assassinated before major policies)

Chester A. Arthur (1881-1885)

Domestic: Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act,

Foreign: Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)

Grover Cleveland (1885-1889, 1893-1897)

Domestic: Interstate Commerce Act (1887), Opposition to high tariffs,

Foreign: Opposed U.S. intervention in Latin America, Rejected annexation of Hawaii

Benjamin Harrison (1889-1893)

Domestic: Sherman Antitrust Act (1890), McKinley Tariff

Foreign: Expansion of U.S. Navy, First Pan-American Conference

William McKinley (1897-1901)

Domestic: Gold Standard Act (1900), High Tariffs

Foreign: Spanish-American War (1898), Annexation of Hawaii, Open Door, Policy in China, 20th Century Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)

Domestic: Square Deal (trust-busting, conservation, labor rights)

Foreign: Big Stick Diplomacy, Roosevelt Corollary

William H. Taft (1909-1913)

Domestic: Trust-busting, Payne-Aldrich Tariff

Foreign: Dollar Diplomacy

Woodrow Wilson (1913-1921)

Domestic: New Freedom (Federal Reserve Act, Clayton Antitrust Act)

Foreign: Moral Diplomacy, U.S. entry into WWI, League of Nations

Warren G. Harding (1921-1923)

Domestic: Return to Normalcy, Teapot Dome Scandal

Foreign: Washington Naval Conference

Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

Domestic: Laissez-faire economics, Tax Cuts

Foreign: Kellogg-Briand Pact

Calvin Coolidge (1923-1929)

Domestic: Laissez-faire economics, Tax Cuts

Foreign: Kellogg-Briand Pact

 Herbert Hoover (1929-1933)

Domestic: Response to Great Depression, Smoot-Hawley Tariff

Foreign: Good Neighbor Policy (early stages)

Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)

Domestic: New Deal (Social Security, Banking Reform)

Foreign: Good Neighbor Policy, WWII, Lend-Lease

Harry S. Truman (1945-1953)

Domestic: Fair Deal (Civil Rights, Housing Act)

Foreign: Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, Korean War

Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)

Domestic: Interstate Highway System, Modern Republicanism

Foreign: Eisenhower Doctrine, Containment Policy

John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)

Domestic: New Frontier (Civil Rights, Space Program)

Foreign: Cuban Missile Crisis, Alliance for Progress

Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)

Domestic: Great Society (Medicare, Civil Rights Act)

Foreign: Vietnam War, Domino Theory

Richard Nixon (1969-1974)

Domestic: New Federalism, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Foreign: Détente with USSR, Opening to China

Gerald Ford (1974-1977)

Domestic: WIN (Whip Inflation Now)

Foreign: Helsinki Accords

Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)

Domestic: Energy Crisis, Deregulation 。

Foreign: Camp David Accords, Iran Hostage Crisis

Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)

Domestic: New Right, Reaganomics (tax cuts, deregulation), War on Drugs

Foreign: Cold War escalation, Reagan Doctrine

George H.W. Bush (1989-1993)

Domestic: Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Foreign: Gulf War, NAFTA negotiations

 Bill Clinton (1993-2001)

Domestic: Welfare Reform, Balanced Budget Act

Foreign: NATO intervention in Kosovo, NAFTA

George W. Bush (2001-2009)

Domestic: No Child Left Behind. Tax Cuts, Patriot Act

Foreign: War on Terror, Iraq War, Afghanistan War

Barack Obama (2009-2017)

Domestic: Affordable Care Act (Obamacare), Dodd-Frank Act

Foreign: Iran Nuclear Deal, Paris Climate Agreement

Donald Trump (2017-2021)

Domestic: Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Deregulation

Foreign: America First Policy, Withdrawal from Iran Deal, Trade War with China

Joe Biden (2021-Present)

Domestic: American Rescue Plan, Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act

Foreign: NATO support for Ukraine, CHIPS Act

NON-VIOLENT

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Medgar Evers

SCLC

SNCC

CORE

Cesar Chavez

United Farm Workers

Chicano Movement

Women's Rights Movement

ADA

VIOLENT

Malcolm X

Stokely Carmichael

Vernon Dahmer

Black Panthers

AIM

Women's Right Movement

-ERA- Equal Rights Movement

* Gloria Steinham

* Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

• AIM

*poverty, discrimination, police brutality

-Alcatraz

*Boycotts

• ADA/Americans with Disabilities