Unit 2 Vocab (US history)

Political Machines

Appealed to immigrants by providing tenements/jobs in exchange for votes

Spoils System

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Progressive Movement

the movement's main goal was to correct social, political, and economic problems from the Gilded Age

Temperance Movement

campaign to limit or ban the use of alcoholic beverages started by women

Women's Suffrage Movement

reform movement to give women the right to vote

Civil Service Reform

a movement away from the spoils system. the belief that people should get jobs based on merit, pass qualification exams

Child Labor Reform

laws and regulations passed to protect children and keep them out of the workforce - start of nationwide public education

Antilynching Movement

A civil rights movement in the United States, led by Ida B. Wells, that aimed to end the practice of lynching.

Health and Safety Reform

Reforms that fixed the dangerous conditions in the meatpacking industry

Conservation Movement

political, social and scientific movement to protect natural resources

Muckraker

a journalist who uncovers abuses and corruption in a society - "raking up the evils in society for everyone to see"

Susan B. Anthony

Key leader of woman suffrage movement

Upton Sinclair

muckraker who wrote "The Jungle" which about the horrors and dirtiness of food productions

WEB DuBois

encouraged African Americans to demand civil rights cofounded the NAACP

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who advocated for vocational training (job skills) to gain civil rights

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist who wrote about the evils of lynching

Jacob Riis

muckraker who exposed the poor conditions of the poor tenements in NYC and Hell's Kitchen in his book "How the Other Half Lives"

President Teddy Roosevelt

progressive president created the national parks service and worked to break up monopolies (anti-trust laws)

National Park Service

A federal agency established to help supervise national parks and monuments

Initiative

voters can propose a new law

Referendum

voters can change a law that already exists

recall

voters can remove an elected official from office

16th Amendment

Allows the federal government to collect income tax

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

18th Amendment

Prohibition (ban) of alcohol

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Pure Food & Drug Act

the law that prohibited the manufacture, sale, or shipment of impure of falsely labeled food and drugs

Clayton Antitrust Act

law that strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act (bans monopolies)

Meat Inspection Act

law passed to regulate beef industry

Pure Food & Drug Act

made it illegal to mislabel food and drugs

Teddy Roosevelt & Trust Busting

Trust busting legislation, fights the rise of monopolies and corrupt business practices

Jane Addams

founded Hull house, fought against nativism by teaching immigrants job skills & english

Jacob Riis

wrote/photographed “How the other half lives”; caused tenement house act to be passed

Tenement house act

buildings had to abide by new building codes (safety & sanitary)

Tuskegee Institute

Higher education focused on industrial and vocation training for African americans, helped improve economic conditions after slavery.

W.E.B. DuBois

created NAACP, advocated for African American Civil rights

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of colored people

John Muir

Created National park system to fight back on pollution and businesses ruining nature.