kines 100 exam

Will Harlan ('El Chivo')

American ultrarunner and editor-in-chief of Blue Ridge Outdoors Magazine who won the 2009 Copper Canyon Ultra and advocated for Tarahumara land, water, and seed rights.

Copper Canyon Ultra

A 51-mile ultramarathon held in Urique, Mexico, where finishers traditionally receive 500 pounds of corn to help combat local food shortages.

Korima

A central Tarahumara cultural concept meaning selfless giving without expecting anything in return.

Rarajípari

A traditional Tarahumara ball-kicking running race where teams move a carved wooden ball along a multi-lap course while drinking pinole for energy.

Ariweta

A traditional Tarahumara women's running race performed using a wooden ring and sticks.

Deep play

An anthropological concept from Clifford Geertz where high-stakes activities involve irrational financial risks because money symbolizes underlying social status, honor, and prestige.

Tjen

A Balinese unit of time during a cockfight, measured by the approximately 21 seconds it takes for a submerged, pierced coconut to sink.

Etymology of Kinesiology

Derived from the ancient Greek words kinein ('to move') and -ology ('the study or explanation of'), defining it as the explanation of human movement.

1926 Pachuca to Mexico City footrace

A 100 km race where Tarahumara runners set a record of 9 hours 37 minutes, used by Mexican officials to promote national identity and endurance.

Persistence hunting hypothesis

Bernd Heinrich's evolutionary theory that early human ancestors developed bipedalism, sweating, and stamina to chase prey animals to the point of heat exhaustion.

ACTN3 gene

A gene encoding alpha-actinin-3 in fast-twitch muscle fibers associated with high-power sprinting ability.

ApoE4 gene

A genetic variant linked to heightened susceptibility to long-term brain damage following concussions or repeated head impacts.

Physical health impact of the Neolithic Revolution

Shifted humans to a more sedentary lifestyle, increased disease transmission, reduced average height, and altered nutrition despite reliable caloric surpluses.

Jesse Arnelle

1950s All-American Penn State athlete and Basketball Final Four player who became the university's first African American student body president in 1954.

Chauvet Cave paintings

35,000-year-old European cave art containing some of the earliest historical evidence of human depictions of physical activity and wrestling.