Meiosis and Intro to Genetics

Meiosis

A type of cell division that results in four genetically distinct gametes, each containing half the number of chromosomes of the original cell, essential for sexual reproduction.

Haploid

A cell that contains one complete set of chromosomes, typically resulting from meiosis.

Crossing over

A process during meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, creating genetic diversity in gametes.

Sex cells/ reproductive cells

The only types of cells in our body that are haploid

Genotype

The genetic makeup of an organism, representing the combination of alleles for a specific trait inherited from both parents.

Phenotype

The observable physical and biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype and environmental influences.

Homozygous

Refers to having two identical alleles for a particular trait, either dominant or recessive.

Heterozygous

Refers to having two different alleles for a particular trait, one dominant (capital letter) and one recessive (lowercase).

Dominant

An allele that expresses its trait even in the presence of a recessive allele, typically represented by a capital letter.

Recessive

An allele that only expresses its trait when two copies are present, typically represented by a lowercase letter.

Heredity

The passing of traits from parents to offspring through genes.

Chromosomes

Structures within cells that contain DNA and genes, determining inherited traits.