Chemical Messengers

Neurotransmitters

chemical messengers that transmit signals between neurons, allowing for communication within the nervous system

Excitatory Neurotransmitters

chemicals released by neurons that increase the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron

Glutamate

the primary excitatory neurotransmitter in the CNS, playing a key role in synaptic transmission and neuronal communication. It is involved in various brain functions, including learning, memory, and neural plasticity

Inhibitory Neurotransmitters

chemicals released by neurons that decrease the likelihood of an action potential occurring in the postsynaptic neuron

GABA

a neurotransmitter that acts as the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It promotes relaxation and reduces anxiety

Dopamine

neurotransmitter that plays a crucial role in regulating mood, reward, motivation, and movement

Serotonin

neurotransmitter that plays a vital role in regulating mood, sleep, appetite, and stress, positivity

Endorphins

neurotransmitters produced by the brain and central nervous system that act as natural pain relievers and mood enhancer

Substance p

neurotransmitter involved in transmitting pain signals in the nervous system

Acetylcholine

neurotransmitter that plays a fundamental role in both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. It is involved in various functions, including muscle contraction, memory, and learning

Hormones

chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system that travel through the bloodstream to target cells or organs, where they regulate various physiological processes and behaviors

Ghrelin

hormone produced primarily by the stomach and small intestine that stimulates appetite and promotes hunge

Leptin

hormone produced primarily by fat cells that regulates energy balance and appetite. It acts on the hypothalamus in the brain to suppress appetite and increase energy expenditure

Melatonin

hormone that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and circadian rhythms in the body

Oxytocin

hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a key role in social bonding

Adrenaline

hormone and neurotransmitter that plays a key role in the body's stress response, often referred to as the "fight or flight" response. surge during times of stress, fear, or excitement, helping the body adapt to challenging circumstances

Norepinephrine

neurotransmitter that functions as both a hormone and a neurotransmitter in the body. It is involved in the body's "fight or flight" response, regulating arousal, attention, and stress