AP HUG U4 review

State requirements

A permanent population, defined borders and a sovereign government recognized by other states

Soverignty

A state’s authority to govern its own affairs, including domestic and international

Nation

A group of people with a shared culture, language, history, homeland and self-determination

Self-determinism

The right or desire for a nation or group to govern themselves

Nation-state

A sovereign state with a homogenous population (ex. Japan, Iceland, South Korea)

Multinational state

A state with multiple nations in it’s borders (ex. Soviet Union, Russia, Canada)

Multistate nation

A nation that is spread across multiple sovereign states (ex. Kurdish Nation, the Basques)

Stateless nation

A nation with a history of self-determinism that does not have a recognized state (ex. Catalonia, Kurds, Basques, Palestinians)

Colonialism

Acquiring territory and settling there to exert political, economic and social control over the area (ex. colonization of the Americas)

Imperialism

The idea of growing a state by exerting force over other nations to gain economic and political power WITHOUT establishing settlements (ex. British expansion in India)

Decolonization

A process by which a colony becomes independent of the colonizing country

Irredentism

a desire by one state to annex a territory of another state claiming it’s theirs based on historical or cultural ties

Devolution

the process where political power is transferred from central to local governments (ex. Scottish Parliament)

Supranationalism

the process of nation states being organized politically and economically into an alliance or organisation, EU

Nationalism

the belief that one nation is superior to all others

shatterbelts

a region endangered by local conflicts within states or between countries (ex. Ukraine and Russia)

territoriality

how people use space to communicate ownership of territory that connects to their culture, economy or political interests

choke points

locations where the flow of people and goods can be constructed in the event of a conflict, like a mountain or bridge (ex. Panama Canal)

protectionism

when a country seeks to limit trade through various ways

neocolonialism

the use of political, cultural or economic power to influence or control other countries but doesn’t involve direct military rule (ex. China in African countries)

demilitarized zone

an area between two states that cannot be occupied or used for military purposes

frontier

a geographic area over which no state has direct power or control

Law of the Sea

treaties and agreements that decide where a country has rights in the sea

Gerrymandering

the process of redistricting a voting district to favor one political party over another

Cracking

the process of spreading like-minded voters out across multiple districts

Packing

the process of stacking like-minded voters into just a few districts to reduce the impact of their vote in other districts

Ethnic separatism

When a person or group starts to identify more as their own ethnic group than as a citizen of the state

Irredentism

A movement by a nation to unite other parts of its nation that are located in another state

Supranational Organizations

UN, African Union, NATO, EU, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, Arctic Council

Subnational political territorial units

a result of devolution where a region is given greater autonomy from the central government