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Slave Narratives
Autobiographical accounts written by escaped slaves detailing their experiences.
Manifest Destiny
The belief in the U.S.'s divine right to expand across North America.
Oregon Fever
The surge of migration to Oregon Territory in the 1840s for fertile land.
James K. Polk & 1844 Election
Democratic candidate who supported aggressive westward expansion.
Annexation of Texas
Texas's entry as the 28th state in 1845, escalating slavery tensions.
Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass
Frederick Douglass's influential autobiography published in 1845.
Mexican-American War
Conflict from 1846 to 1848 over territorial disputes and expansion.
Wilmot Proviso
1846 proposal to prohibit slavery in territories gained from Mexico.
Free-Soil Party
Political party opposing slavery's expansion into western territories.
Gold Rush
The influx to California in 1848 following gold discovery, causing economic growth.
Henry David Thoreau
Wrote 'Civil Disobedience,' advocating for individual resistance to injustice.
Compromise of 1850
Legislation addressing slavery issues from the Mexican-American War.
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel depicting the harsh realities of slavery.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854 law allowing territories to decide on slavery through popular sovereignty.
Republican Party & Radical Republicans
An anti-slavery party founded in 1854, including those advocating for immediate emancipation.
Bleeding Kansas
Violent conflicts in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions.
Know-Nothing Party
A political party focused on nativism and opposition to immigration.
Walt Whitman
Poet known for 'Leaves of Grass,' celebrating democracy and individualism.
John Brown
Abolitionist who led violent raids against pro-slavery settlers.
Election of 1856
Election where slavery emerged as a central issue, won by James Buchanan.
Dred Scott v Sanford
Supreme Court case ruling African Americans were not citizens and Congress couldn't prohibit slavery.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1858 debates focused on slavery's expansion, raising Lincoln's national profile.
Harpers Ferry
Site of John Brown's raid aiming to incite a slave uprising.
Election of 1860
Resulted in Lincoln's victory, leading to Southern states' secession.
Abraham Lincoln
16th President known for the Emancipation Proclamation.
Jefferson Davis
President of the Confederate States during the Civil War.
Morrill Tariff Act
Legislation raising tariffs to protect Northern industry in 1861.
Anaconda Plan
Union strategy to blockade Southern ports and control the Mississippi River.
U.S. Grant
Union Army general achieving key victories during the Civil War.
Legal Tender Act
Authorized issuance of paper currency to finance the Union war effort.
Robert E. Lee
General of the Confederate Army known for tactical brilliance.
Homestead Act
Provided land to settlers who improved it, encouraging westward expansion.
Antietam
The bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history, marking a pivotal point in the Civil War.
Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln's executive order freeing enslaved people in Confederate-held territories.
Gettysburg
Turning point battle in the Civil War resulting in a major Union victory.
Vicksburg
Union capture of this city secured control of the Mississippi River.
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln's speech emphasizing human equality and the purpose of the Civil War.
Wade-Davis Bill
Proposed stricter terms for Southern state reconstruction after the Civil War.
Election of 1864 + Andrew Johnson
Lincoln re-elected with Johnson, as they defeated McClellan.
William Tecumseh Sherman and the "March to the Sea"
Sherman's campaign employing scorched-earth tactics through Georgia.
Freedmen's Bureau
Agency assisting former enslaved people and poor whites post-Civil War.
Appomattox Court House
Site of Lee's surrender to Grant, marking the end of the Civil War.
Thirteenth Amendment
Constitutional amendment abolishing slavery in the U.S.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Legislation aimed at securing citizenship and civil rights for all born in the U.S.
Fourteenth Amendment
Granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the U.S.
Reconstruction Act
Divided Confederate states into military districts for readmission to the Union.
KKK
White supremacist organization using violence against African Americans post-Civil War.
Impeachment
Andrew Johnson's trial for violating the Tenure of Office Act in 1868.
Fifteenth Amendment
Prohibited denying the right to vote based on race or previous servitude.
Sharecropping
System where farmers worked land owned by others for a share of the crops.
Election of 1876 and the "Compromise of 1877"
Disputed election leading to withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson
Laws institutionalizing racial segregation legitimized by a Supreme Court decision.
