global test (ts pmo)

Han Dynasty dates

206 BCE-220 CE

What challenges did the Han face

Opposition from the Xiongnu in Mongolia

What empire presceded the Han empire

Qin Dynasty

Date of early han

195 BC

Tarim Basin

large area of desert, used for proximity to trade

Early han (western han)

195 BC

Later Han

post civil war disunity

who ruled the han empire

emperor gaozu

what religion was adopted under the han

confucianism

What did the Han do right

gov officials put in power in outlying areas especially

training centers for scholars to become members of gov

confucian ideas for proper behavior

How did Gaozu negotiate with the Xiongnu

married a princess, sent them tribute → appeasement

How did the Han improve the empire

added to Great Wall to secure northern border with Xiongnu

developed silk road to eurasia

what course did the silk road follow

great wall to protect traders

how did the silk road affect greek and roman styles

togas made of silk, poses in statues similar to the Buddha

Silk road’s consequences

enriched china

merchant class prospered

provided with other powers

monopoly on salt and iron

cultural diffusion

How did the chinese monopolize silk

kept secret

how did buddhism benefit from the silk road

spread out of india along silk road

How did china’s pop benefit as a result of han dynasty

grew due to iron works and irrigation

what does traditional chinese culture refer to

the way of life under Han

How did confucian scholars feel abt silk road

it made people greedy

scared of capitalism

benefits of tarim basin

military outposts

diplomacy

infrastructure

cultural influence

causes of fall of han dynasty

politicalcorruption

economic instability

military pressure

social unrest

imperial overstretch

Benefits of constantinople

center of trade, since all ships are forced to pass trhoug

protective walls

not lcoated near invading tribes

educated officials running gov

taxes

whose colony was Byzantium originally

greek

founder of byzantium

hadrian

What did Constantine do to byzantium

rebuilt it to the center of christian world

Golden standard for byzantine

education, taxes, armies, etc

How did byzantium’s advantages help it survive

control trade led to successful economy

protection

cultural achievements from safety

Justinian

autocrat

christ’s co ruler

theodora

prostitute elevated to empress

co ruler and advisor

what ethnicity did those living int he eastern half consider themselves as

roma

was byzantium called byzantine during its time

no

How was byzantium similar to rome

absolute uthority

gladiator games, bread and cirucuses

architectural styles

art techniques

legal codes

What does byzantium mean

empire of the romans

Justinian’s code

revised roman law to prevent confusion

did justinian believe inr eligious tolerance

no

impact of justinian’s code

churches and monarchs in west model law code on justinina’s code

when were the nika riots

532

nika riots

revolt against jutinianr

esult of nika riots

half of constantinople destroyed with many ppl killedh

how did nika riots happen

different factions of chariot races, (blue and green) began attacking palace

How did the nika riots show justinian’s failures

killed people instead of listening

Theodora’s reofrms

helped craft a new constitution

focused on women’s rights

achievements of justinnian

ruled as head of church

ruled with wife

expanding to even parts of old empire

reformed old roman legal code

similarities of roman vs byzantine architecture and art

copied elemtns of rome like domes and archesd

ifferences

byzantine: more geometric and flat

romans: sculture vs mosaic

Byzantine: more religious

Hagia Sophia

comissioned church following nika riots as propaganda

what did the hagia sophia become in the 1400s

mosque

what is the hagia sophia now

mosquew

why was the hagia sophia a big deal

not easy to build bc of earthquakes so supported domes

gender roles in islam

men and women are equals

islam meaning

to surrenderm

uslim

one who submits

umma

community of believers, nation or community

koran, qur’an

sacred scripture, recitation

fastest growing religion

islam

how many muslims are there

1.3 billion

what age are most muslims

under 25

where are most muslims located

asia, indonesia specifically

sunni muslim

northern africa and middle east kind ofs

shia

mostly iran

what is happening in europe when islam is born

justinian laws, catholic church, western rome scattered

when is islam born

early 600 AD

What was Mecca during islam’s birth

bsutling market town

had kaaba where they worshiped pagan idols

founder of islam

muhammad

when was muhammad born

570 ce

Muhammad’s childhood

part of bedouin

what did tribal warfare occur over

wells, grazing land, trade routes

original purpose of kabah

trade, marketplace

how old was muhammad when he had a revelation

40

who called to muhammad

gabriel

When was the fall of maurya empire

187 bc

what happened after maurya empire

india broke apart and fought for 500 eyars

what did chadragupta I do

established gupta dynasty in 319 AD

married a princess from a powerful fam → expansion

not much is known

stupa

religious buddhist space

political order of gupta empire

hereditary, but final decision rested with emepror’s ministers; meritocracy

were the gupta rulers supernatural

no, they did not claim supernatural authority

how did the gupta empire separate the empire

divided into provinces and alrgely decentraliedho

w long did gupta stay in power

230 years

what land route did gupta use

silk road

what water route did gupta use

indian ocean

where was gupta located in terms of trade

central position in silk road and spice routes

what period of time was the gupta

golden age

advancements in gupta empire

astronomy

central gov

math

medicine

architecture

literature

philosopher

chess

horoscopes

math in gupta

simple system of writing

zero

decimals

trig

medicine in gupta

remedies

surgeons

smallpox

who figured out length of day

aryabhata

what else did aryabhata discover

size of earth, planets were spheres, earth spins on its axis, gravity

decline of gupta

civil war, weak rulers, invasion

white huns

overran gupta empire

what happened after gupta was invaded

split into many kingdoms

oasis

water from aquafir in middle of desert

what causes an oasis

aquafir from underground

muhammad’s profession

merchant

who was muhammad’s wife

khadijah

describe khadijah

wealthy widow, mentor, old

muhammad’s solution to quarrel

put on piece of fabric

which angel came to muhammad

gabriel

what did gabriel tell muhammad

only one god

tenet

central principle