States of Matter Test

Significant figures in 3978

4

Significant figures in 20001

5

Significant figures in 0.00006

1

Significant figures in 1.00

3

Significant figures in 0.103

3

Round 0.0347 to 1 sig fig

0

Round 0.0347 to 2 sig figs

0

Round 3456.01 to 3 sig figs

3460

Round 3456.01 to 4 sig figs

3456

Rounding in multiplication/division

Round to the lowest number of sig figs in the problem

Rounding in addition/subtraction

Round to the least precise decimal place

What is matter?

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Two main categories of matter

Pure substances and mixtures

What is formed when substances are combined physically?

Mixture

What is formed when substances are broken/combined chemically?

Pure substance

Two types of pure substances

Elements and compounds

Two types of mixtures

Homogeneous and heterogeneous

Examples of elements

Cu, Au, O₂, Ba

Examples of compounds

NaCl, H₂O, Mg₃P₂, BaBr₂

Examples of mixtures

Salt water, lemonade, steel, milk, pizza, trail mix

Sweet tea - Pure or Mixture?

Mixture

Bronze - Pure or Mixture?

Mixture (alloy)

Hydrogen (H₂) - Pure or Mixture?

Pure substance (element)

Oxygen (O₂) - Pure or Mixture?

Pure substance (element)

Pepperoni & sausage pizza - Pure or Mixture?

Mixture (heterogeneous)

Water (H₂O) - Pure or Mixture?

Pure substance (compound)

NaNO₃ - Pure or Mixture?

Pure substance (compound)

Elements are made of how many types of atoms?

Only 1 type of atom

How do you know if a formula is an element?

It has only 1 capital letter (example: O₂, Ba)

Compounds are made of how many types of atoms?

Two or more different types of atoms

How do you know if a formula is a compound?

It has more than 1 capital letter (example: CO₂, NaCl)

Na - Element or Compound?

Element

Br₂ - Element or Compound?

Element

CaCO₃ - Element or Compound?

Compound

Li(NO₃) - Element or Compound?

Compound

Barium Oxide - Element or Compound?

Compound

Barium - Element or Compound?

Element

Oxygen - Element or Compound?

Element

Heterogeneous mixtures - can you see individual parts?

Yes (example: trail mix, chicken noodle soup, salad)

Homogeneous mixtures - can you see individual parts?

No (example: lemonade, steel, tea)

Milk - Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Homogeneous

Steel - Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Homogeneous (alloy)

Chicken noodle soup - Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Heterogeneous

Salad - Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Heterogeneous

Yogurt, fruit, granola - Homogeneous or Heterogeneous?

Homogeneous

Heterogeneous

A mixture where the components are not uniform or have localized regions with different properties.

Homogeneous

A mixture that is uniform in composition and properties throughout.

Sterling silver

Homogeneous (alloy).

Ketchup

Homogeneous.

Three main states of matter

Solid, liquid, gas.

State of matter with the most energy

Gas.

State of matter with the least energy

Solid.

Melting

Solid → Liquid.

Freezing

Liquid → Solid.

Evaporation

Liquid → Gas.

Condensation

Gas → Liquid.

Sublimation

Solid → Gas.

Deposition

Gas → Solid.

Energy change from solid to gas

Gains energy.

Energy change from gas to solid

Loses energy.

Magnetic separation

Using a magnet to separate metals (usually iron).

Decantation

Carefully pouring off liquid from a solid-liquid mixture.

Filtration

Removing solids from liquids with a filter.

Chromatography

Separating pigments of color based on solubility and attraction.

Phases in chromatography

Stationary phase and mobile phase.

Solubility

How well a substance dissolves in a solvent.

Pigment movement in chromatography

Because they have different solubilities and attractions.

Distillation

Separation of liquids by boiling points.

Distillate

The liquid that is boiled, evaporated, and condensed back into liquid.

Why distillation works

Because each liquid has a different boiling point.

Example of distillation

Separating alcohol from water or purifying saltwater into freshwater.

Rusting

Chemical.

Boiling

Physical.

Reacting with water

Chemical.

Dissolving

Physical.

Flammability

Chemical.

Cutting paper

Physical.

Changing shape

Physical.

Physical property/change

No change in identity; same substance before and after.

Chemical property/change

Forms a new substance with a new identity.

Malleability

Ability to be bent or hammered into sheets.

Ductility

Ability to be drawn into wires.

Conductivity

Ability to transfer heat/electricity.

Atom

Smallest unit of matter.

Alloy

A homogeneous mixture of metals.

Solution

A homogeneous mixture (solute dissolved in solvent).

Suspension

A heterogeneous mixture where particles may settle (like oil & water).

Gas

A state of matter with no fixed shape or volume.