Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Study Guide

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cellular respiration and fermentation, their processes, and their significance in biological systems.

What method of ATP synthesis is more efficient?

Cellular respiration is more efficient because it is an aerobic process.

Why have most cells evolved to perform cellular respiration instead of fermentation?

They produce a lot more ATP than fermentation, providing more energy for cells to function and survive.

How does cellular respiration relate to other types of food?

Cellular respiration can break down other food molecules like fats and proteins, converting them into molecules that enter the respiration pathways.

What can cells do with the molecules involved in respiration besides making ATP?

Cells can use these molecules for biosynthesis, building other molecules like amino acids, nucleotides, and lipids.

What is lactic acid fermentation?

Lactic acid fermentation is when glucose is converted into lactic acid, occurring in some bacteria and animal cells.

What is alcohol fermentation?

Alcohol fermentation is when glucose is converted into ethanol and carbon dioxide, occurring in yeast and some bacteria.

How is fermentation useful to us?

Fermentation is useful for food production, preservation, and industrial applications.

Why can we say all eukaryotic cells are built to perform cellular respiration?

All eukaryotic cells contain mitochondria where most of the respiration process happens.

How do prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells in respiration?

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and perform cellular respiration in their cytoplasm and cell membrane.

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic processes?

Aerobic processes require oxygen, while anaerobic processes do not require oxygen.

Why is NAD+ considered more efficient than FAD in cellular respiration?

NAD+ is more efficient because it carries more electrons per molecule, leading to greater ATP production during the electron transport chain.

How do cellular respiration and photosynthesis work together in a cycle?

Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration uses these products to produce energy, creating a cycle.

How does the body's respiratory system relate to cellular respiration?

The respiratory system provides oxygen needed for cellular respiration and removes carbon dioxide, a waste product.

What is a redox reaction?

A chemical reaction where electrons are transferred between two species; reduction gains electrons and oxidation loses electrons.

What is the important chemical reaction that occurs in cellular respiration?

C6H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP.

What is the maximum ATP that can be produced from one glucose molecule?

38 ATP per one glucose molecule.

How energy efficient is the cellular respiration system?

It is about 40% efficient, with the rest of the energy lost as heat.