Cleft Palate Anatomy and Speech Disorders Review

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to cleft palate anatomy, speech disorders, and treatment strategies for effective review before the exam.

Glossopalatine arch

The anterior arch in the oral cavity, located in front of the palatine tonsils.

Pharyngopalatine arch

The posterior arch located behind the palatine tonsils.

Incisive suture

The suture between the premaxillae and the palatine processes of the maxilla.

Premaxillae

The structures located anterior to the incisive suture.

Hard palate

The anterior 3/4 made up of the premaxilla and palatine process of maxilla.

Soft palate

The posterior 1/4 of the palate, primarily formed by the palatine bone.

Nasal sounds

Sounds produced when the ing-port is open, allowing air into the nasal cavity.

Oral sounds

Sounds produced when the soft palate elevates and contacts the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Velopharyngeal mechanism

The coordination of the soft palate with the posterior pharyngeal wall to control airflow.

Levator Veli Palatini (LVP)

Muscle responsible for elevating the soft palate during VP closure.

Tensor Veli Palatini (TVP)

Muscle involved in opening and closing the Eustachian tube.

Musculus Uvulae (MU)

Muscle that creates a bulge on the nasal surface of the velum during VP closure.

Palatoglossus

Muscle that depresses the velum and causes VP opening for nasal sounds.

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

Muscle that constricts the pharyngeal walls during VP closure.

Velopharyngeal port

The space between the soft palate and posterior pharyngeal wall.

Coronal closure

VP closure where only the soft palate moves back to contact the pharyngeal wall.

Sagittal closure

RARE closure characterized by significant lateral movement of the pharyngeal walls.

Circular closure

VP closure involving movement of both the soft palate and lateral pharyngeal walls.

Submucous cleft palate

Cleft where the mucous membrane is intact; may not show obvious physical signs.

Macroglossia

Abnormally large tongue that may extend beyond the teeth.

Cleft types

Includes complete cleft, incomplete cleft, unilateral and bilateral variations.

Palate Incidence

25% of clefts involve lip only, 25% palate only, and 50% lip and palate.

Hypoplasia

Underdevelopment or incompleteness of an anatomical structure.

Class I occlusion

Normal dental alignment of maxillary and mandibular teeth.

Class II malocclusion

Characterized by mandibular retrusion and/or maxillary protrusion.

Class III malocclusion

Characterized by mandibular protrusion and/or maxillary retrusion.

Palatal expander

Device used to widen the upper jaw.

Speech bulb

Device used to occlude the nasopharynx, removable for hypernasal speech.

Palatal lift

Device used to raise the velum for patients with poor velar movement.

Obturator

Used to occlude an open cleft or fistula.

Auditory processing

Influences how children with cleft palate perceive sound.

Microtia

Deformation of the outer ear.

Atresia

Absence of an opening in the ear canal.

Cul de sac resonance

Resonance that occurs in the pharynx or oral cavity due to obstruction.

Hypernasality

Excessive nasal resonance on vocalic sounds causing speech distortion.

Hyponasality

Reduced nasal resonance, especially in the production of nasal sounds.

Nasal air emission (NAE)

Inappropriate release of air through the nasal cavity during speech.

Fistula

An abnormal opening, often contributing to resonance disorders.

VPI (Velopharyngeal Insufficiency)

The inability of the soft palate to close against the posterior pharyngeal wall.

Pharyngeal stop

A compensatory articulation error where the tongue contacts the pharyngeal wall.

Glottal stop

A compensatory articulation error characterized by forceful adduction of vocal folds.

Mid-dorsal palatal stop

Substitution of /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/ sounds produced with the tongue against the palate.

Developmental speech errors

Errors that typically improve with age and speech practice.

Maladaptive errors

Errors developed as compensations for structural anomalies.

Articulation disorder

Speech disorder characterized by difficulty in the correct production of sounds.

Dosage of therapy

Frequency, consistency, and parental involvement in speech therapy contribute to its success.

Display behavior issues

Children with cleft palate may face social challenges due to speech differences.

Communication development

Focus on stimulating early communication through oral and aural experiences.

Premaxilla

The part of the upper jaw that forms the front of the hard palate.

Palatine tonsils

Masses of lymphoid tissue situated between the glossopalatine and pharyngopalatine arches.

Choanae

The paired openings leading from the nasal cavity to the pharynx.

Obligatory errors

Errors resulting from structural anomalies that cannot be corrected through therapy.

Visual phonemes

Phonetic sounds taught using visual cues for better articulation.

Intervention strategies

Methods employed to support children with cleft palate in various developmental areas.

Cleft palate team

A multidisciplinary group that treats and manages patients with cleft lip and palate.

Infant development

Focus on early communication and feeding solutions for children born with clefts.

Phonological cycle approach

Treatment method not generally recommended for children with cleft palate.

Nasalance score

Measurement of nasal versus oral sound energy during speech evaluation.

Therapy progression

Begin with motor control before introducing linguistic challenges.

Instrumental assessments

Use of technology to evaluate and address speech disorders.

Child's speech errors

Distinct errors specific to developmental stages and conditions.

Compensatory articulation errors

Errors produced due to structural issues not readily visible.

Age-related speech changes

The evolution of speech patterns correlating with age and therapy progress.

Cleft lip and palate

A common congenital condition requiring comprehensive management.

Vocal tract anatomy

Understanding anatomical structures is essential for effective therapy.

Speech drills

Exercises used in therapy to enhance sound production accuracy.

Behavioral therapies

Therapies focused on modifying speech patterns through practice.

Speech assessments

Comprehensive evaluations conducted to analyze speech quality and resonance.

Developmental feedback

Providing ongoing support and education to families of children with clefts.

Psychological impact

Recognizing the mental health implications of cleft-related facial differences.

Autocorrelation in speech

Impact of auditory feedback on speech production in children with clefts.

Craniofacial complexities

The varied anatomical relationships contributing to speech disorders.

Professional referrals

Guidelines for referring patients to specialists for optimal care.

Understood communication strategies

Facilitating understanding in diverse populations when addressing cleft palate.

Dynamics of cleft palate treatment

The ongoing nature of treatment addressing cleft-related speech issues.

Holistic care model

Approach focusing on all aspects of patient health and development.

Community awareness

Promoting understanding and support for individuals with clefts.

Intervention timing

Importance of starting speech and feeding interventions early.

Orofacial examinations

Detailed assessments focusing on oral structures and functions.

Long-term monitoring

Continuous observation necessary for children with cleft lip and palate.