Secularism and Judaism test

Kippah/yarmulke

Small round hat or skullcap worn during religious ceremonies or all the time as a way of honoring God

Kosher

Foods that Jewish dietary laws says that you cannot eat

Synagogue

Sacred space, alternate form of temple used during Exodus

Rabbi

Trained scholar/ preacher who guided congregation in worship and practice

Orthodox Judaism

Most traditional way of practicing religion; super strict

Reform Judaism

Focuses on ethical, most dominant form of Judaism, might not keep Kosher and do other traditions

Conservative Judaism

Midpoint between Reform and Orthodox, keep same traditions and laws deemed most important

Messiah

Savior figure who will rescue Jewish people from suffering, could be era or age of time

Afterlife in Judaism

Focus on this life and not the afterlife

Menorah

Candelabra with holders for eight or nine candles

What does a menorah symbolize

Eight candles symbolize eight days of revolt and the miracle that occurred

Shabbat/sabbath

Weekly holy day that occurs on the 7th day of the week

Star of David

Most common symbol of Judaism

Bar mitzvah

Ceremony that honors man’s 13 birthday and allows them to participate in full adult worship

Bat mitzvah

Girl ceremony that honers her becoming a Daughter of the Commandments with Similar rights and customs as the boys

Anti-Semitism

Prejudice against Jews

Shoah/Holocaust

Systematic murder of 6 million Jews

Zionism/Zionist

Idea that Jews could secure safety if they had their homeland

Modern-day Israel

Known as promised land chosen by God, used to be govern by Jewish people

Monotheism

Belief in one God or deity

Covenant

Relationship between God, Abraham and his decedents

The Jewish Bible/Tanakh

Torah, Prophets and Writings

Abraham

God formed covenant with him and his descendants, Father of many Nations

Moses

Led Israelites out of slavery with God’s help

First Temple

Destroyed by Babylonians, King David given plans for temple that Solomon built

Second Temple

Rebuild of First Temple, destroyed by Romans and never rebuilt

Rabbinic Judaism

Oriented around synagogue and texts

Talmud

Work of Jewish Law and textual commentary on Torah

Purim

Festival of Lots that celebrates Esther and her cousin preventing the Jews from being killed by the King

Pesach/Passover

Commemorates biblical story of God’s deliverance of ancient Israelites from slavery

Yom Kippur

Holiest Day on Calander

Hanukkah

Commemorates Jewish revolt against Greek rulers

Sarah

Married to Abraham and has Issac

Isaac

Sarah’s son born to her in her old age

Ishmael

Hagar’s son; decedents believed to be founders of Islam

Torah

First 5 Books of the Jewish Bible

Exodus

Slaves in Egypt freed by Moses and taken to Israel

Exile

Focus shifts to prayer adn keeping the Torah’s Commandments

Securlaism

To understand the world apart form organized religion

Deism

The belief that God (or Gods) created the world, but is disinterested and distant

Atheism

The belief that God or Gods DO NOT exist

“Weak” Atheism

People who DON’T believe in God but they don’t know

“Strong” Atheism

People who are sure that there is no God

Friendly Atheism

Religions are good and thoughtful and people can believe what they want

Militant atheism

Against God and believe that the belief is bad, encourage people to change

Agnosticism

The belief that a person does not or cannot know whether God or Gods exist

The “Mystery of Existence and it’s relationship to Agnosticism

The Mystery of Existence talks about how things came to be; how it is possible without God. Religion believes God made it but Agnostics haven’t found the answer to it yet

“Weak” Agnosticism

Don’t know if God exists, but maybe they’ll know one day; need more proof

“Strong” Agnosticism

I don’t know and it is impossible to know for anyone

Utilitarianism

Actions are good based on how much happiness they bring about

Theory of value

Only thing that’s valuable is happiness and absence of suffering

Theory of right action

Right action that produces maximum value