Electrical engineering

Flashcards from the book 'all about circuits'

How many electrons are present in 1 coulomb of charge?

6.25×10¹⁸ electrons are present in 1 coulomb of charge

What is a superconducting of material?

A superconducting material has absolutely zero electrical resistance, not just some small amount.

What is the formula for current?

I = Q/T

Where,

I = Current

Q = charge

T = time

What is teh charge on one electron?

1.6×10^-19 Joules

What is teh definition and formulas for voltage?

It is the change in potential energy/Work done per unit of charge

What is a polarised device?

any device that functions differently on currents of different direction would be called a polarized device.

What is the formula to power with respect to current (Joules law)?

P = I*V

Where,

P = power

I = Current

V = Electric potential

How much is 1 horsepower related to with watts?

1 Horsepower = 745.7 Watts

What is the formula given by ohm’s law?

V = I*R

Where

V = Electric potential

I = Current

R = Resistance

What is power?

It is the measuer of how fast work can be done

What is PWM?

Pulse width modulation is used to minimize the heat generated by resistance to the minimum by (analogy here) :- On and off really fast like touching a hot iron really fast

What is a short circuit?

A very low-resistance path directly connecting the battery's terminals.

What is a varistor?

It is a device which can handle voltage breakdowns multiple times

What is a netlist

It is a document written using SPICE

Why do we use quotes in cmd?

To tell cmd that the stuff inside the quotes has no spaces in it

What does sweep mean? What is a step in it?

A sweep is the process of repeatedly simulating a circuit while systematically changing the value of a specified source or parameter over a range. SPICE solves the circuit once for each value.


The step is the fixed amount by which the source value changes between consecutive simulations during a sweep.

What does .dc do as a command? What is the code which you will write fusing .dc?

The .dc command instructs SPICE to perform a DC sweep, repeatedly solving the circuit while varying the value of a specified independent voltage or current source over a defined range.

Syntax:

.dc <source> <start> <stop> <step>

Parameters:

• <source> – The independent voltage or current source to vary (e.g., V1, I1).
  

• <start> – The starting value of the source.
  

• <stop> – The ending value of the source.
  

• <step> – The increment by which the source value changes between simulations.

How do you leave comments in SPICE?

By using one asterisk (*) at the start of the sentance

How do we name switches?

Breaking down the naming: "___P___T"

• P = Pole = the number of independent circuits the switch controls (how many separate "arms" or moving contacts there are)

• T = Throw = the number of positions each pole can connect to (how many places each arm can land)

So "DPDT" = Double Pole, Double Throw.

What does the coefficient of something mean?

It means that you divide the slope (From the graph) with the reference of the y axis (Considering that you got the graph from experimental values

What is the integer in an aurdino that gives the max voltage (i.e. 5V) and what’s teh same for 0v?

255 → 5V
0→0V