chapter 12 med term

glomerulus (plural: glomeruli)

glomerul/o

kidney

nephr/o, ren/o

renal pelvis

pyel/o

urine

ur/o, urin/o

stone

lith/o

bladder

cyst/o, vesic/o

urethra

urethr/o

ureter

ureter/o

penis

balan/o

epididymis

epididym/o

testicle

orch/o, orchi/o, orchid/o, test/o, testicul/o

prostate

prostat/o

sperm

sperm/o, spermat/o, sperm/i

anuria

an/ur/ia lack of urination, no urine condition

cystalgia

pain in the bladder cyst/algia

cystodynia

pain in the bladder cysto/dynia

dysuria

painful urination dys/ur/ia

enuresis

involutary urination from greek to urinate

hematuria

bloody urination hemat/ur/ia

incontinence

in/con/tinence inability to control urination

oliguria

low urine output olig/ur/ia

polydipsia

excessive thirst poly/dips/ia

polyuria

excessive urination poly/ur/ia

pyuria

pus in the urine py/ur/ia

urethrodynia

pain in the urethra urethro/dynia

urethrorrhea

discharge from the urethra urethro/rrhea

urodynia

painful urination uro/dynia

balanorrhea

discharge from the penis balano/rrhea

orchialgia

testicle pain orchi/algia

orchichorea

involuntary jerking movement of the testicle orchi/chorea

orchidoptosis

downward displacement of a testicle orchido/ptosis

orchiodynia

testicle pain orchi/dynia

priapism

persistent and painful erection

albunminuria

protein in the urine albumin/ur/ia

azoturia

excess nitrogen in the urine azot/ur/ia

cystorrhexis

rupture in the bladder cysto/rrhexis

dipsogenic

creating thirst dipso/genic

glycosuria

sugar in the urine glycos/ur/ia

nephroptosis

downward displacement of a kidney nephro/ptosis

nephroptosis

downward displacement of kidney nephro/ptosis

nephrosis

kidney condition nephr/osis

uremia

urine in the blood ur/emia

urethrostenosis

narrowing of the urethra urethro/sten/osis

cystoscopy

process for examining the bladder cysto/scopy

nephroscopy

procedure for examining a kidney nephro/scopy

urethroscopy

process of examining the urethra urethra urethro/scopy

urinalysis (UA)

analysis of the urine (urine analysis)

nephrosonography

procedure for imaging a kidney using sound waves nephro/sono/graphy

pyelogram

imagine of the renal pelvis pyelo/gram

renal angiography

process of a imaging a kidney blood vessel ren/al angio/graphy

renal arteriogram

ren/al arterio/gram image of a kidney artery

retrograde pyelogram

retro/grade pyelo/gram imaging of the renal pelvis produced by injuecting a contrast dye from the bladder to the kidney

ultrasonography

imaging procedure using high-frequency sound waves ultra/sono/graphy

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

imaging procedure of the bladder and urethra produced during urination voiding cysto/urethro/gram

transrectal ultrasonography

procedure using a probe inserted into the rectum using high-frequency sound waves to scan through the rectum to nearby tissue (most commonly, the prostate)

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea; it is the product of the breakdown of amino acids for energy

diuresis

excessive urination di/uresis

nephrologist

specialist in the kidneys nephro/logist

nephrology

study of the kidneys nephro/logy

urologist

specialist in the urinary tract uro/logist

urology

uro/logy study of the urinary tract

anorchidism

lack of a testicle an/orchid/ism

aspermia

condition characterized by a lack of sperm a/sperm/ia

cryptorchidism

hidden testicle crypt/orchid/ism

hydrocele

fluid-filled mass in the testicle hydro/cele

hypospadias

birth defect in which the opening of the urethra is on the underside, instead of the end, of the penis from greek to tear underneath

phimosis

cohtraction of the foreskin of the penis, preventing it from being retracted. from greek for muzzle

prostatomegaly

abnormal enlargement of the prostate prostato/megaly

digital rectal exam (DRE)

examination of the prostate using a finger inserted into the rectum digit/al rect/al exam

cystocele

hernia of the bladder cysto/cele

glomerulonephritis

inflammation of the kidneys involving primarily the glomeruli glomerulo/nephr/itis

hydronephrosis

kidney condition caused by the obstruction of urine flow hydro/nephr/osis

nephritis

inflammation of the kidney nephr/itis

nephrolithiasis

presence of stone in the kidney nephro/lith/iasis

nephromalacia

abnormal softening of a kidney nephro/malacia

nephromegaly

abnormal enlargement of kidney nephro/megaly

nephropathy

any kidney disease nephro/pathy

nephtoptosis

downward displacement of a kidney nephro/ptosis

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

disease characterized by the formation of many fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys pol/cyst/ic kidney disease

pyelitis

inflammation of the renal pelvis pyel/itis

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis pyelo/nephr/itis

pyelopathy

disease of the renal pelvis pyelo/pathy

renal failure

kidney failure ren/al

stress urinary incontinence (SUI)

loss of bladder control caused by the application of external pressure stress urin/ary in/con/tinence

ureteritis

inflammation of a ureter ureter/itis

ureteropyelonephritis

inflammation of a kidney, renal pelvis, and ureter uretero/pyelo/nephr/itis

urethritis

inflammation of the urethra urethr/itis

urethrocystitis

inflammation of the urethra and bladder urethro/cyst/itis

urinary tract infection (UTI)

inflection of the urinary tract

renal cell carcinoma

cancer of the kidneys ren/al cell carcin/oma

testicular carcinoma

testicular cancer testicul/ar carcin/oma

balanitis

inflammation of the penis balan/itis

benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)

noncancerous overdevelopment of the prostate, also known as enlarged prostate benign prostate hyper/plas/ia

orchiditis

inflammation of the testicles orchid/itis

orchitis

inflammation of the testicles orch/itis

prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate prostat/itis

testitis

inflammation of a testicle test/itis

varicocele

overexpansion of the blood vessels of the testicles, leading to a soft tumor

gonorrhea

discharge from the gonads gono/rrhea

cystectomy

surgical removal of the bladder cyst/ectomy