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Fresco
Italian word for “fresh.” Technique of painting on plaster with pigments grounding water so that the paint is absorbed by the plaster and becomes part of the wall itself
Tempera
a pigment mixed with egg yolks
Byzantine
a type of artwork produced during the Middle Ages in the Byzantine Empire. No facial expressions because they did not want to portray religious figures as “human-like”
Mendicant
a group that supported themselves with collecting. They were dedicated to the ascetic way of life
Franciscans
a group of related mendicant religious orders of the Catholic Church. Founded in 1209 by St. Francis of Assisi. Frairs
Altarpiece
a painted or carved work of art placed behind and above the altar of a Christian Church
Allegory
a representation in which figures or events stand for ideas beyond themselves as symbols or metaphors, to create a moral or message for the viewer
Proto
an era of change in the style of art when art begins to foreshadow the characteristics of the Renaissance in terms of naturalism, realism, and humanism
Naturalism
a style of art that aims to depict the natural world as it appears
Sienese Style
figures are thinner, more elongated, decorative, and courtly. Lots of gold and rich decorative colors. Drapery carves artistically in fluttering. Marble patterns on thrones/pavement. Reflected more gothic styles because influenced by Pope/Europe
Florentine Style
Artists prefer fresco and tempera techniques that helped them to shade figures in a realistic way. was more realistic than Byzantine, figures weren’t floating. Expressive faces, meaningful gesturres, clear emotions. Played more with composition. Moved focus away from center of piece
City States
a city that with its surrounding territory forms and independent state
Note 
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