General Biology - Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for General Biology Semester 2 Midterms

Cellular Respiration

The opposite of photosynthesis, has 4 processes along with oxidative phosphorylation which occurs at the same time with ETC. Occurs in animals.

Photosynthesis

Occurs in plants.

Calorie

A unit of energy expressed in Joules (J) that is needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree celsius.

Glycogen

Stored energy for humans.

Starch

Stored energy for plants.

Mitochondria

Double-bounded organelle where ATP is primarily produced.

Cristae

Means ‘folds’ and are also found in the brain. Its main purpose is to increase surface area to create more ATP.

Intermembrane Space

The space between the inner and outer membrane crucial for oxidative phosphorylation.

Anaerobic Respiration (Fermentation)

Respiration that occurs when there is a lack of oxygen, producing lactic acid.

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Respiration also known as Cellular Respiration.

Glycolysis

Occurs outside of the mitochondria, specifically in the cytoplasm. Glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvic acid using 2 ATP.

Krebs Cycle

Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Electron Transport Chain

Occurs in cristae (inner membrane of mitochondria).

Photosynthetic plants

Plants that include ferns, moss, and flowering plants.

Cyanobacteria

The 1st photosynthetic organism.

Autotrophs

Generate their own organic matter through photosynthesis.

Chloroplast

An organelle that is responsible for producing chlorophyll, the green pigment.

Mesophyll Cells

The basic unit of plant cells, where chloroplasts are found.

Outer Membrane

It is the wall that protects the chloroplast

Stroma

The inner space is counterpartitive to a cytoplasm of a chloroplast.

Thylakoid

It is the outer lining membrane of the chloroplast, containing chlorophyll.

Thylakoid Lumen

The counterpart of matrix, it is the space inside the thylakoid

Granum (plu. Grana)

Refers to a stack of thylakoids.

Lamella

Connects each individual granum.

Plastoglobule

It is responsible for storing and releasing the pigments.

CHLOROPHYLL A

Blue Green chlorophyll pigment.

CHLOROPHYLL B

YELLOW GREEN chlorophyll pigment.

CAROTENOIDS

Red, purple, orange (carotene) chlorophyll pigment.

LIGHT-DEPENDENT REACTION

It occurs in the THYLAKOID. It produces sugar that can be stored as starch or for the mitochondria.

LIGHT-INDEPENDENT REACTION: CALVIN CYCLE

It occurs in the STROMA.

ADP

Adenosine Diphosphate

ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate

FADH

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen

NADH

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide + Hydrogen

NADPH

(Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate + Hydrogen)

PGA

Phosphoglycerate/Phosphoglyceric Acid

RuBisCO

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase

RUBP

Ribulose Biphosphate

TCA

Tricarboxylic Acid (Cycle)

TGP

Triglyceraldehyde Phosphate