Aldehydes

what is an aldehyde

molecule with carbonyl group bonded to 1 carbon and 1 hydrogen or 2 hydrogens

what is a keetone

carbonyl group bonded to 2 carbons

suffix for aldehydes

-anal

suffix for ketones

-anone

position number

what is reduction in organic chemistry

when a carbon forma a bond with less electronegative element

what does aldehydes reduce to

1’ alcohols

what do ketones reduce to

2’ alcohols

aldehyde/ ketone + NaBH₄ →

Alcohols

why NaBH₄

acts as a source of H^- ions

reduction mechanism for aldehydes

reduction mechanism for ketones

products of reducing unsymmetrical ketones and why

equal mixture of enantiomer- racemic mixture

equal probability that hydrogen will bond to either side of molecule

which CN compound is not a salt

HCN - covalently bonded gas in room temp

why CN not used in school

deadly

functional group and bond angle when CN bond to molecules

nitrile groups and 180’

how to name molecules with nitrile groups

alkane chain ( include carbon in CN) and suffix ‘nitrile’

what do ketones/ aldehydes + nitrile group make

hydroxy nitriles

what are hydroxy nitriles

Molecules that contain both alcohols and nitrile groups

how to name hydroxynitriles

C in nitryl group is position 1

nucleophilic addition mechanism for aldehydes to hydroxy nitriles

reagents used for nucleophilic addition of ketones/aldehydes to hydroxy nitriles and dangers

KCN + H₂SO₄

KCN - deadly if ingested

H₂SO₄ - deadly if inhaled

nucleophilic addition mechanism for ketones to hydroxy nitriles