Theory of Architecture - Arch 1

Theory of Architecture

CLASSICAL THEORIES

• THE TERM THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE WAS ORIGINALLY SIMPLY THE ACCEPTED

TRANSLATION OF THE LANTIN TERM RATIONATIO AS USED BY VITRUVIUS

• TO DIFFERENTIATED INTELLECTUAL FORM PRACTICAL KNOWLEDGE IN

ARCHITECTURAL EDUCATION, BUT IT HAS COME TO SIGNIFY THE TOTAL BASIS

FOR JUDGING THE MERITS OF BUILDING OR BUILDING PROJECT

• THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF ARCHIT ECTURE THEORY IS ASSESSABLE MAILY

FROM:

• MANUSCRIPTS AND PUBLISHED TREATISES

• FROM CRITICAL ESSAYS AND COMMENTARIES

• AND FROM SURVIVING BUILDING OF EVERY EPOCH

MARCUS VITRUVIUS POLLIO

• A ROMAN ARCHITECT, ENGINEER AND

WRITER

• HE WROTE AND COMPLIED THE 10-VOLUME

TREATISE DE ARCHITECTURA ( ON

ARCHITECTURE ) DE ARCHITECTURA LIBRI

DECEM (10 BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE)

• ON THE BOOK HE EXPRESSED HIS THREE

VIRTUES- THE VITRUVIAN TRIAD OF GOOD

BUILDING: FIRMITAS, UTILITAS, VENUSTAS

(SOLIDITY, USEFULNESS AND BEAUTY)- AND

HIS BELIF THAT ARCHITECTURE SHOULD

FOLLOW NATURE AND THAT PROPORTION

IN BUILDIN SHOULD FOLLOW PROPORTION

IN HUMAN BEING.

The concept of proportion is often attributed to the ancient Greeks, especially in the realm of mathematics, art, and architecture.

• Golden Ratio - 1:1.618

DE ARCHITECTURA LIBRI DECEM

• IT IS ONLY WORK ON ARCHITECTURE FROM CLASSICAL ANTIQUITY TO SIRVIVE IN

ITS TOTALITY AND WAS INTENDED AS A BUILDING GUIDE FOR HIS PATRON

AUGUSTUS.

• AN IMPORTANT INFLUENCE ON RENAISSANCE, BAROQUE AND NEOCLASSICAL

ARCHITECTURE, IT WAS WELL KNOW IN MANUSCRIPT, BEFOR BEING TRANSCRIBED

IN THE 9TH CENTURY ON THE ORDER OF THE EMPEROR CHALEMABGE.

DE ARCHITECTURA LIBRI DECEM

IT IS DIVIDED IN TO 10 BOOKS DEALING WITH CITY PLANNING AND ARCHITECTURE IN

GENERAL

• BUILDING MATERIALS

• TEMPLE CONSTRUCTION AND THE USE OF GREEK ORDE

• PUBLIC BUILDINGS (THEATRES, BATHS )

• PRIVATE BUILDINGS

• FLOORS AND STUCCO DECORATION

• HYDRAULICS

• CLOCKS

• MEASURATION, AND ASTRONOMY, AND CIVIL AND MILLITARY ENGINES.

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

HE IS BEST KNOW AS THE PRINCIPAL INITIATOR OF

THE RENAISSANCE ART THEORY.

WAS THE PROTOTYPE OF THE RENAISSANCE

“UNIVERSAL MAN” AND THE “ FLORENTINE

VITRUVIUS”

NOTABLE ARCHITECTURE WRITINGS:

1. DE PICTURA: DECLARES THE IMPORTANCE OF

PAINTING AS A BASE FOR ARCHITECTURE .

2. DE RE AEDIFICATORIA: HIS THEORETICAL

MASTERPIECE

DE RE AEDIFICATORIA

TEN BOOKS ON ARCHITECTURE.

• ONE OF THE GREATEST WORK OF THE THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE

• IT ARGUED THAT ARCHITECTURE WAS AMONG THE MOST NOTABLE OF ART

FORMS. ALBERTI’S FOCUS WAS ON THE ART OF BUILDING, BOTH IN TERMS OF

SINGLE BUILDING AND E NTIRE URBAN SPACE

FUNDAMENTALS:

FIRST, IS THE STABILITY AND USEFULNESS OF A STRUCTURE

NEXT, ARE THE AESTHETICS ELEMENTS OF LINES, ANGLES AND PROPORTIONS

FINALLY, ARE ELEMENTS OF BEAUTY AND ORNAMENTATION

DE RE AEDIFICATORIA

• IN BASIC TERMS, A GREAT STRUCTURE BE STABLE/USEFUL, AESTHETICALLY

PLEASING , AND DECORATED WELL, AND EACH ELEMENTS MUST WORK WITH THE

OTHER TO CREAT A CONSISTENT AND UNIFIED WHOLE.

• LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI DEFINES BEAUTY AS THAT REASONED HARMONY OF ALL

THE PARTS WITHIN A BODY, SO THAT NOTHING MAY BE ADDED, TAKEN AWAY, OR

ALTERED BUT FOR THE WORSE AND SPECIFIES THE THREE PRINCIPAL

COMPONENTS OF THE WHOLE THEORY ( OF BEAUTY) INTO WHICH WE INQUIRE

ARE NUMBERS ( NUMERUS), WHAT WE MIGHT CALL OUTLINE ( FINITIO) AND

POSITION (COLLOCATIO)

SEBASTIANO SERILIO

• ITALIAN MANERIST ARCHITECT, PAINTER ,

AND THEORIST, WHO INTRODUCED THE

PRINCIPLES OF ANCIENT ROMAN

ARCHITECTURE

• HE STUDIED ARCHITECTURE UNDER

BALDASSARRE PERUZZI

• SERILIO PIONEERED THE USE OF HIGHQUALITY ILLUSTRATION TO SUPPLEMENT

THE TEXT

• SERILIO WAS ALSO THE FIRST TO

INCORPORATE ILLUSTRATIONS INTO AN