Muscular System

3 types of muscle

The three types of muscle tissue in the human body are skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle, each serving distinct functions and located in different areas.

What are the three main functions of the skeletal system

The three main functions of the skeletal system are to support the body, protect internal organs, and facilitate movement by anchoring muscles.

Neuromuscular junction

The neuromuscular junction is the synapse between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber, where the transmission of signals occurs, leading to muscle contraction.

Acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in muscle contraction by transmitting signals across the neuromuscular junction.

Excitability and contractility

are properties of muscle tissue that allow it to respond to stimuli and generate force.

Filaments that interact to produce muscle contraction

muscle proteins such as actin and myosin.

Needed to allow actin and myosin to interact

Calcium ions are essential for enabling the binding of myosin to actin filaments, facilitating muscle contraction.

ATP

is the primary energy carrier in muscle cells, providing energy for muscle contraction by enabling the detachment of myosin from actin.

Lactic Acid

A byproduct of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells, resulting from the breakdown of glucose when oxygen levels are low. It can accumulate during intense exercise, leading to muscle fatigue.

Muscles are attached to bones by a tendon that is attached to a less movable part of the skeleton and the other end attached to a more movable part. What are these two parts called?

Origin and insertion points.

Muscles work together to produce movement. What is the name of the muscle that produces a movement as compared with the muscle that produces the opposite movement?

Agonist and antagonist muscles.

Muscles and bones work together as lever systems. Of the 3 classes of levers, which one represents the action of the most muscles

class III levers, where the effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum.

What muscles is most important in breathing?

The diaphragm, a dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the thoracic cavity, is the primary muscle responsible for breathing.

What structural feature gives strength to the muscles of the abdominal wall?

The rectus sheath, which is a fibrous envelope that encases the rectus abdominis muscle, provides structural support and strength to the abdominal wall.