Purposive Communication Practice Flashcards

These flashcards cover the key concepts of Purposive Communication in English, including models, components, barriers, literature, and professional communication as outlined in the lecture notes.

What is the Latin origin of the word 'communication'?

“communicare” which means “to share” or “to make common”

How did Pearson & Nelson ($2000$) define communication?

The process of “understanding and sharing meaning”

How did Griffin ($2012$) define communication?

A “relational process of creating and interpreting messages that elicit a response”

What are the three core aspects of the nature of communication according to the notes?

It is a process, it is between two or more people, and it is much more than words

In the communication process, who is the sender?

The one who crafts a message, idea, or information

What is the definition of Encoding in communication?

The process of converting ideas or thoughts of information into symbols

What is the message in the communication process?

The information, idea, or thought that the speaker wants to convey, whether verbal or nonverbal

What is the Channel component of communication?

The means of transmission or distribution of the message

Who is the Receiver in the communication process?

For whom the message was created and the one who receives it

What is the definition of Decoding?

The receiver’s mental processing of interpreting a message into meaning

What component describes the receiver’s response or reaction to the sender’s message?

Feedback

What is Context in communication?

The common and shared understanding of the situation involving environment, topic, culture, and relationship

How is Environment defined in communication?

The physical and psychological space where the communication happens

What is Interference?

A hindrance that prevents effective communication

What are Psychological barriers to communication?

Thoughts that hamper the message to be interpreted correctly by the receiver

What are Physiological barriers to communication?

Factors related to a person’s health and fitness

What are Linguistic barriers to communication?

Differences in word usage and the meaning of words that cause confusion

What are Cultural barriers to communication?

Misunderstandings of meaning caused by cultural differences between the sender and receiver

What are Physical barriers to communication?

Environmental factors that limit the sending and receiving of messages

What are Mechanical barriers to communication?

A flaw in the machinery, instruments, or channel used to convey the message

What is Intrapersonal communication?

Communication occurring within an individual

What is Dyadic communication?

Communication between two people

How is Small group communication defined?

Communication between $3$ or more people, typically up to $15$ people

What is Extended communication?

Communication involves the use of technological tools

What is Organizational communication?

Communication within business environments

What is the Downward structure in organizational communication?

Communication from superior to subordinate

What is the Upward structure in organizational communication?

Communication from subordinate to superior

What is Horizontal structure in organizational communication?

Communication among members at the same level

What is Intercultural communication?

Communication among people of diverse cultures

What is the definition of Mass communication?

Communication intended for large audiences through different modes

Which mode of communication uses images, signs, and symbols to convey meaning?

Visuals

What is Non-verbal communication?

Communication expressed through body signals

What is Verbal communication?

The most common form where words are used

What is Written communication?

Communication through printed or composed texts

What is Formal communication style?

Communication that is carefully thought out and sent to a selected channel and audience to inform, persuade, or entertain

What is Informal communication style?

Communication that is casual and takes place in ordinary conversation to socialize

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Clarity?

Being clear about the message and avoiding confusion

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Conciseness?

Using as few words as necessary without sacrificing meaning

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Concreteness?

Being specific, definite, and vivid rather than vague

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Correctness?

Using accurate facts, correct grammar, and verified sources

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Coherence/Consideration?

Keeping the audience’s perspective in mind

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Completeness?

Providing all necessary information

In the 7Cs of Communication, what is Courtesy/Courteousness?

Being respectful and polite

What are the three named Linear Models of communication?

Lasswell’s Model, Aristotle’s Model, and Berlo’s SMCR Model

What characterizes a Linear Model of communication?

A one-way process in which one party is the sender, encoding/transmitting a message, and another is the recipient

What characterizes the Interactive Model of communication?

A process where participants alternate positions as sender and receiver and generate meaning within physical and psychological contexts

Who is associated with the Interactive Model in the transcript date $1997$?

Schramm

What characterizes the Transactional Model of communication?

A process where communicators generate social realities within social, relational, and cultural contexts

Give an example of transactional communication mentioned in the notes.

Negotiating a contract between two parties

In Nonverbal Communication, what falls under 'Appearance'?

Physical Outlook like dress, hairstyle, height, and tallness

What are Paralinguistics in nonverbal communication?

Inflection, tone, volume, and accent

What is Kinesics?

Body movement including posture, facial expressions, and gestures

What is Oculesics?

Nonverbal communication involving eye contact, tears, eyebrows, gaze, and blinking

What is Chronemics?

Nonverbal communication involving time in interpersonal and cultural contexts

What are Artifacts in nonverbal communication?

Adornments such as jewelry, tattoos, and accessories

What is Haptics?

Nonverbal communication through touching, such as holding, hugging, and kissing

What is Proxemics?

Nonverbal communication related to space

What is the Frozen register?

Language that never changes, such as ‐Our Father who art in heaven”

What characterizes the Consultative register?

Less formal standard English, e.g., “Appreciate it. Looking forward to see you”

What characterizes the Casual register?

Language used among friends, e.g., ‐Hey! What's up?”

What is the Intimate register?

Language used among lovers and family, e.g., ‐I love you.”

Who developed the Concentric Circles of English?

Braj Kachru

Which circle includes standard ENL (English as a Native Language) countries like the USA, UK, and Australia?

Inner Circle

Which circle pertains to ESL (English as a Second Language) countries like the Philippines and India?

Outer Circle

Which circle pertains to EFL (English as a Foreign Language) countries like China, Japan, and Korea?

Expanding Circle

What is a Linguistic Landscape?

The language in the environment, including words and images displayed in public spaces

What are Top-down features of the Linguistic Landscape?

Public signs created by state and local government bodies

What are Bottom-up features of the Linguistic Landscape?

Signs created by shop owners, private businesses, etc.

What are Regulatory Signs?

Signs used to indicate or reinforce traffic laws, regulations, or requirements

What are Infrastructural Signs?

Signs related to the basic physical systems of a business, region, or nation

What are Commercial Signs?

Signs or displays designed to promote the purchase or use of goods or services

What are Transgressive Signs?

Signs which violate conventional semiotics at that place intentionally or accidentally

What is Pecha Kucha?

A presentation form of $20$ slides/images for $20$ seconds each, totaling $6$ minutes and $40$ seconds

What is the translation of Pecha Kucha and who created it?

It means “Chit Chat” and was created by Mark Dytham and Astrid Klein

What is Informative Communication?

Communication focusing on talking about people, events, processes, places, or things

What is Persuasive Communication?

A message given with the intention of influencing listeners to agree with a point of view

What is Argumentative Communication?

The art of persuading based on reason and facts, not emotions

What is Public Speaking?

The process of speaking in a structured, deliberate manner to inform, influence, or entertain an audience

What is the difference between an Impromptu Speech and a Memorized Speech?

Impromptu is delivered with no preparation, while Memorized is recited from memory

In an e-mail, what does CC stand for?

Carbon Copy, used for names of other recipients

In an e-mail, what does BCC stand for?

Blind Carbon Copy, used for a secret recipient

What does P.S. stand for in an e-mail notation?

Postscript (Postscriptum), used for additional information or emphasis

Regarding Patient's notes in nursing, what are Initial Notes?

First or earliest assessment reports

What are Discharge Notes in nursing?

Reports given once medication is discontinued or the patient is released from the hospital

What is the 'Lead' in Journalism?

The beginning of a news story

What is a Curriculum Vitae (CV) compared to a Resume?

CV is comprehensive, $2$ or more pages, and not tailord for specific jobs; Resume is concise ($1-2$ pages) and tailored

What is a Concept Paper?

A paper that aims to describe an idea of a project or concept

What is a Position Paper?

A paper that presents an arguable opinion about an issue

What is an Infix in grammar?

An affix placed inside a word, such as “-s” in spoonsful

What is a Circumfix?

An affix like “-im” and “-ble” in impossible

What does the vocabulary word 'Pulchritude' mean?

Loveliness

What does 'Loquacious' mean?

Verbose

What does the term 'Caveat emptor' mean?

Beware

Who is the 'Bard of Avon'?

William Shakespeare

Who is the first Asian to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature in $1913$?

Rabindranath Tagore

What was the first book printed in the Philippines in $1593$?

Doctrina Cristiana

Who is the 'Father of Classic Prose in Tagalog' and author of 'Urbana at Felisa'?

Modesto de Castro

What is the pen name of Nick Joaquin?

Quijano de Manila

Who is known as the 'Comma poet' and the $1$st Filipino National Artist for Literature ($1973$)?

Jose Garcia Villa

Who is the pen name 'Huseng Batute' assigned to?

Jose Corazon de Jesus