Immunohematology - ABO Group

Long arm chromosome

The genes that codes for A, B, O type is located on the

Chromosome 19

ABO gene is located at what chromosome

Chromosome 9

H gene is located on what chromosome

Dominant

Type A and B are what type of allele

Recessive

Type O are what type of allele

37th day

ABO antigen develops at what #th day.

Paragloboside

The basic sugar structure composed of 4 Interlinked sugar on RBC it acts as anchor

N-acetyle-d-galactosamine

Antigen A anchors for this immunodominant sugars

D-galactose

Antigen B anchors for this immunodominant sugar

L fucose

Antigen H anchors for this immunodominant sugar

H gene

This gene is always present in all blood groups

H antigen

this antigen is very important for the attachment of A and B antigen in paragloboside

Bombay Phenotype

A rare phenotype that lacks H antigen in their body.

A gene

This gene is weakly expressed, unstable, and 1 year after birth there is a strong reaction.

Secretor

These are people with one dominant gene that can release blood type antigen into their bodily fluids with glycopotein

Sese system

System that controls the production of H antigen in secretions

Glycoprotein

Sese system produce ABH soluble antigen called

Zz system

System that regulates production of H antigen on eryhtocytes

Glycolipids

Zz system procudes ABH insoluble substance called

3 to 6 months

ABO Antibodies naturally occurs and detectable for ___ to ___ months after birth

IgM

This antibody react best at room temperature or below

Naturally occurring antibodies
Immune Antibodies

Antibodies occur in 2 forms present at birth

IgG

Immune Antibodies seen at birth are mostly what antibody

Rh system

A system that is another way to classify bllood based on the D antigen

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn

Rh-negative mothers may cause their babies to cause this disease

Aend

Weak subgroups of A that shows an mf reaction, but only a small number of RBCs agglutinate.

A3

Weak subgroups of A that shows Shows a mixed-field (mf) reaction with Anti-A and most Anti-A,B.

Bel

Weak Subgroups of B that is extremely rare subgroup, unagglutinated on Anti A or Anti A, B

Adsorption-Elution Test

This is the confirmatory test for weak subgroups

O

Most H antigen expression blood type

A1B

Least H antigen expression blood type

Anti I reageant

Bombay Phenotype react strongly with this Anti reagents

Group 1 Discrepancies

The cause of this group discrepancies is weakly reactive or missing antibodies in plasma

Chimerism

Presence of 2 cell population in single individual like in cases of fraternal twins (A rare condition that a person has 2 different blood group)

Group 2 Discrepancies

The cause of this group discrepancies is weak or missing A/B antigens.

Group 3 Discrepancies

The cause of this group discrepancies is increased proteins causing RBCs to stick together (false agglutination).

Wharton’s jelly

Umbilical cord substance coating RBCs, causing false agglutination.

Group 4 Discrepancies

The cause of this group discrepancies is unusual antibodies or rare blood conditions leading to false agglutination

Cis-AB phenotype

A and B genes inherited on the same chromosome, leading to weak/mixed A and B reactions.

Glycosyltransferase

Enzyme that is responsible for transfer of sugar to plasma to precursor substance found in surface of RBC’s