PSY110 Chapter 4 & 5

Which of the following is true of the quest to alter consciousness?

The ways alter consciousness vary from culture to culture.

Which of the following statements is true of REM sleep?

It occupies a little more than 20% of adults' total sleeping time.

the process of teaching a complex behavior by rewarding closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior is called?

Shaping

Debbie often uses steroids and is addicted to them. She has recently begun to notice certain effects of the steroids. According to this scenario, she is most likely experiencing?

Mood swings and development of masculine traits

Which of the following statements is true of dreams?

Dreams in non-REM sleep are less vivid than dreams in REM sleep

Which of the following drugs is an example of a stimulant?

Methamphetamine

Cocaine exerts pleasurable effects on the brain by?

Blocking the reabsorption of leftover dopamine in the brain

Ethan feels that he has been sleeping through the night, but he wakes up tired and feels fatigued the whole day. Ethan's doctor tells him that he has most likely been waking up frequently in the night because of obstructed breathing and is unaware of it. In the given scenario, the doctor most likely suspects that Ethan is suffering from?

Sleep apnea

Caroline is playing in the snow. Her father calls out to her to come inside the house as it is getting late. Caroline ignores her father because she does not want to go inside. After a while, she starts feeling cold and goes inside the house to keep herself warm. In this scenario, in the context of operant conditioning, the feeling of warmth is most likely a?

Primary reinforcer

Cocaine produces feelings of profound psychological well-being, increased confidence, and alertness through the neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

Nicotine activates neural mechanisms similar to those activated by?

Cocaine

In the context of classical conditioning, _______ is a process in which, after a stimulus has been conditioned to produce a particular response, stimuli that are similar to the original stimulus produce the same response.

Stimulus generalization

One of the reasons Carlos continues to work at his job is the paycheck that he receives every two weeks. In the context of operant conditioning, Carlos's paycheck is most likely a(n)?

Secondary reinforcer

Biological processes occurring regularly on a cycle of approximately 24 hours are termed?

Circadian rhythms

Which of the following options correctly matches a learning style with one of its characteristics?

Relational style=showing intuitive thinking

________ is defined as a formalized technique for promoting the frequency of desirable behaviors and decreasing the incidence of unwanted ones.

Behavior modification

Ester often dreams about flying. Esther's psychoanalyst suggests that the dreams represent Esther's hidden desire for sexual intercourse. According to Sigmund Freud's unconscious wish fulfillment theory, which of the following statements is true?

Flying is a symbol

Which of the following options correctly identifies a stimulus or response in the "Little Albert" study conducted by John B Watson and Rosalie Rayner?

Unconditioned stimulus - noise

Which of the following is true of the dreams-for-survival theory?

Dreams permit information that is critical for people's daily survival to be reconsidered and reprocessed during sleep.

In the context of operant conditioning, _______ weakens a response through the application of an unpleasant stimulus.

Positive punishment