Exam 4 - Female Repo pt. 2

what causes uterine changes

concentrations of estrogen and progesterone

what part of the endometrium degenerates and causes the onset of a period

stratum functionalis

after menstrual flow, the endometrium begins to thicken due to the influence of what hormone? where is this hormone coming from

estrogen, ovarian follicles

the proliferative phase lasts about ___ days and occurs when the __ and ___ cells of the tertiary follicles begins to produce increased amounts of what

10, granulosa, theca, estrogen

high estrogen levels create a negative feedback to decrease levels of what

FSH

what marks the end of the proliferative phase and the end of the follicular phase

ovulation

why is the secretory phase important

necessary for implantation and nourishment of a developing blastocyst

if no pregnancy occurs, what does the corpus luteum degenerate into

corpus albicans

constriction of which arteries causes a reduced supply of oxygen to the endometrium

spiral arteries

theca cells convert cholesterol into ___ which then needs to be converted into estrogen via what enzyme?

testosterone, aromatase

what are all the functions of estrogen

1. regulate FSH and LH

2. thickening endometrium of uterus

3. growth of uterus

4. secondary sex characterisitcs

what is the function of progesterone

1. causes endometrium to secrete proteins in second half of menstrual cycle

2. prep for fertilized egg

when are progesterone levels very high

luteal phase and secretory phase

where is estrogen synthesized

adrenal glands, ovaries, adipose tissue

what are the 3 types of estrogen

estrone

estradiol

estriol

which type of estrogen is found in the body following menopause

estrone

which type of estrogen is primarily detected during pregnancy

estriol

which type of estrogen is the most common form and performs a variety of functions during the reproductive stages of women

estradiol

what are some things that high estrogen can cause in women

weight gain, loss of sex drive, heavy bleeding, exhaustion, mood swings, hair loss

high estrogen levels in men can cause what

gynecomastia, erectile dysfunction, infertility, prostate cancer

what is progesterone made from

pregnenolone

during fight or flight, what can progesterone be converted to

cortisol

in the bones, what is estrogen important for in both males and females

closure of epiphyseal plates of long bones

estrogen and progesterone play a huge support role on which body system

cardiovascular