IB SEHS - Topic 5.1: Skills Flashcards

Flashcards for IB SEHS topic 5.1

Define Skill

Skill is the consistent production of goal-oriented movements, which are learned and specific to the task

Goal-oriented Movement

There is an end results: scoring a goal, saving a goal

Performance goal

Meet the goal with maximum certainty (i.e scoring 80% of free throws)

Minimum outlay of energy

Proper biomechanics to save energy and look fluid

Types of skills: 4 main types

Combination skills

Motor skills

Cognitive skills

Perceptual skills

Combination skills

Usually a combination of motor, cognitive and perceptual skills

Motor skills

Utilizes motor units (muscles) to perform a precise movement or intended action and does often does not require much thinking

Cognitive Skills

Utilizes mental capacity and the ability to process information to understand rules and tactics as well as decision making

Perceptual skills

Our senses combined help us interpret information on how to best overcome obstacles. Includes vision, vestibular (balance and hearing), haptic (touch) and auditory

Perpetual Motor Skills

Involves interpretation of environmental stimuli and motor response to the sensory information and requires thought, interpretation and movement - outwit a defender

PRP: Psychological Refractory Period

If outwitting a defender, offense might fake going one way (stimulus 1)→ defense goes with them (reaction)

Offense has gone left (stimulus 2) → defense has to follow through with the first reaction before going with the second stimulus (Y Channel)

Approaches to Classification

Open vs Close

Gross vs Fine

Discrete vs continuous

Interaction

External vs Internal

Open VS Closed

Open: Skills which are constantly varied according to what is happening around the performer - Lacross
Closed: Prelearned movements that can be followed with little reference to what is happening around the performer - Archery

Gross vs Fine

Gross: Large amount of muscles and movement of the whole body - high jump

Fine: Small amounts of muscles of specific body parts - rifle shooting

Discrete vs continuous

Discrete: Skills which have a clear beginning and end; can be repeated - cycle

Serial: Composed of several discrete elements, put together to make integrated movements

Continuous: skills that have no beginning or end, can be continued for as long as the performer wants

Interaction

Individual: Competitor performs alone without the physical presence of the opposition - figure skating

Coaction: Those in which competitors are performing at the same time but where they are physically separated - one competitor cannot physically inhibit the performance of another - 100m sprint

Interaction: Those in which performance can be controlled by the opposition - rugby

External vs Internal

Internal: Performer is in control of rate the skills are executed

External: Environment controls the pace of the skills

Summary of Classifications

gross/fine - swimming is gross drawing is fine

open/closed - squat is closed lacrosse is open

discrete/serial/continuous - discrete is a tennis serve, serial is a high jump, continuous is running

external/internal - external is a, internal is a tennis serve

Ability

A stable, enduring, characteristic, that is genetically determined and is either perceptual, cognitive or motor

Technique

The manner which we move

Perceptual Motor Abilities

Central Precision

Multi-limb Coordination

Response Orientation

Reaction time

Speed of arm movement

Rate control

Manual Dexterity

Arm-hand Steadiness

Wrist-finger Speed

Aiming

Postural Discrimination

Response Integration

Central Precision

Control over fast, accurate movements that use large areas of the body

Multi-limb Coordination

Ability to coordinate movement of a number of limbs simultaneously

Response Orientation

Ability to select an appropriate response usually under time situation

Reaction time

Ability to respond rapidly to a stimulus when it appears

Speed of arm movement

Ability to make gross rapid arm movements

Rate control

Ability to change speed and direction of response with precise timing

Manual Dexterity

Ability to make skillful, well-directed arm hand movements when manipulating objects under speed conditions

Arm-hand Steadines

Ability to make precise arm, hand positioning movements where strength and speed are minimally involved

Wrist-finger Speed

Coordination of fast wrist and finger movements

Aiming

Ability to aim precisely at small objects in space

Postural Discrimination

Coordination when vision is occluded

Response Integration

Integration of sensory information to produce a movement

Skill

Ability + Selection of correct technique

Skilled

Effortless looking/aesthetically pleasing they know what they want to achieve and how they will do this, they don’t waste a lot of energy due to their consistency

Novices

Clunky, inconsistent, the can produce a good performance but not consistent, lack fluidity and coordination