Level 3: CH.26-30 Drugs

Flashcards based on lecture notes about drugs and antibiotics.

Culture and Sensitivity (C&S)

Test to determine the specific bacteria causing an infection and which antibiotics will be most effective.

Agar plate

Solid medium used to grow microorganisms for identification and testing.

Antibiotics (Abx)

Medications used to treat bacterial infections.

before

Administer antibiotics treatment starts.

complete

Patients should the entire antibiotic course.

Broad spectrum antibiotics

Antibiotics that are effective against a wide range of bacteria.

Narrow spectrum antibiotics

Antibiotics that target specific types of bacteria.

Penicillins

Preferred treatment for syphilis.

IV/IM

Route of administration for PCN-G.

prepare

Side effect of PCN-G: rash, itching, SOB (indicate anaphylaxis)-_ epinephrine

PO

Route of administration for PCN-V.

Erythromycin, doxycycline, or clarithromycin

Antibiotic alternative for patients with a history of rash to penicillin.

Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)

Example of a broad spectrum penicillin taken orally.

notify

Adverse reaction to Augmentin: rash –_ the provider.

Cephazolin (Ancef)

Example of a 1st generation Cephalosporin given IV/IM.

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Example of a 1st generation Cephalosporin given orally.

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Example of a 3rd generation Cephalosporin given IV/IM.

broaden

As you increase the generation of cephalosporins, spectrum will _.

decrease

As you increase the generation of cephalosporins, resistance will _.

increase

As you increase the generation of cephalosporins, distribution to the brain tissue will _.

Azithromycin

Macrolide antibiotic, not on primary drug list.

Erythromycin

Macrolide antibiotic; on primary drug list.

Tetracycline, doxycycline

Examples of tetracycline antibiotics.

food

Adverse effects of Tetracycline includes many drug- interactions.

pregnancy

Tetracyclines are contrindicated during _ because it is teratogenic.

8

Tetracyclines should not be given to children under the age of _ yrs (permanent tooth discoloration).

acne

Uses for tetracyclines include _, anthrax, and chlamydia.

IM/IV

Route of administration for aminoglycosides such as gentamicin.

output

Aminoglycoside adverse effect: kidney damage – monitor urine _.

tinnitus

Aminoglycoside adverse effect: cochlea/vestibular damage presenting with _.

peak/trough

Adverse effects of aminoglycosides necessitates monitoring of serum drug _ levels.

neuromuscular

Adverse effect of aminoglycosides: enhancement of _ blockade is rare.

-floxacin

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics end with _.

fluoroquinolones

Ciprofloxaxin and levofloxacin are examples of _.

driving

Adverse effect of fluoroquinolones: dizziness (avoid _/heavy machinery initially).

photosensitivity

Adverse effect of fluoroquinolones: sunburn/__.

damage

Adverse effect of Fluoroquinolones: tendon _ .

CBC

Adverse reaction to sulfonamides may include decreased _ ( low WBC).

Bactrim

Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is also known as _.

crystalluria

Sulfonamide adverse reactions include photosensitivity, _ and kidney stones (increase fluids to prevent), renal failure.

Johnson

Sulfonamides most strongly with Steven _ Syndrome, TENS.

antiprotozoan

Metronidazole is an _ medication.

protozoans

Metronidazole use: giardia and trichomonas vaginalis (_), (anaerobic) Gardnerella culprit BV.

alcohol

Dilsulfiram reaction is when someone is drinking _ while on metronidazole

glycopeptide

Antibiotic: vancomycin is a _.

PO

Vancomycin can be taken _ for C. diff.

Red man

Administer vancomycin slowly to avoid _ syndrome.

hypotension

Adverse reaction of vancomycin includes: chest pain, muscle spasms, _, SOB, dizziness, headache, chills, fever, pale skin .

rifampin

Anti-Tuberculosis medications include isoniazid (INH) and _.

pyridoxine

Vitamin B6 _ prevent neuropathy (associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment).