Guide Questions ni Doc James

1. Segments of digestive/ alimentary canal:

Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine

2. Digestive glands

Salivary Glands, Liver, Pancreas

3. Accessory digestive structures in the mouth

Teeth, Tongue, Cheek, Lips, Palate (Hard and Soft)

4. Segments of esophagus

Cervical, Thoracic, Abdominal

5. Concentric layers of esophagus

Tunica Adventitia, Tunica Muscularis, Tunica Submucosa, Tunica Mucosa

6. Parts of stomach in monogastric animals

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus

7. Sphincters of stomach

Cardiac Sphincter, Pyloric Sphincter

8. Concentric layers of stomach, small int and large int

Tunica Serosa, Tunica Muscularis, Tunica Submucosa, Tunica Mucosa

9. Secretions of parietal and chief cells of the stomach

Chief – Pepsinogen, Parietal – Hydrochloric Acid

10. Surfaces of stomach

Parietal Surface, Visceral Surface

11. Extremities of stomach

Right Extremity, Left Extremity

12. Cardia and pylorus directed to what side of the body

Cardia – Left, Pylorus – Right

13. Peritoneal folds of stomach

Gastro-phrenic, Gastro-splenic, Gastro-pancreatic, Lesser omentum, Greater omentum

14. Segments of small intestine

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

15. Describe duodenum

First segment of SI, Fixed segment of SI, Bile duct empties bile, Pancreatic duct empties pancreatic juices

16. Describe jejunum

Longest segment of SI, Most movable segment of SI, Most absorptive segment of SI

17. Describe ileum

Terminal segment of SI, Has roles in defense against microorganisms due to Peyer’s Patches

18. Fixed part of small intestine

Duodenum

19. Mesenteric parts of small intestine

Jejunum and Ileum

20. Double layer of peritoneum wherein the mesenteric part of small intestine is connected

Common mesentery

21. Villi from Peyer’s patches

Striated border/Finger-like projections

22. Ducts that open into small intestine

Bile duct, Pancreatic duct

23. Segments of large intestine

Caecum, Colon, Rectum

24. Longitudinal bands that run along the outside of intestine

Taenia

25. Sacculations caused by constriction of intestine

Haustra

26. Parts of colon

Ascending, Transverse, Descending

27. Sphincter muscles of anus

Sphincter ani externi et interni

28. Principal types of salivary glands in animals

Parotid Gland, Submandibular Gland, Sublingual Gland

29. Types of salivary secretions

Serous type, Mucoid type, Mixed type

30. Structural unit of the liver

Hepatic lobule

31. Main lobes of the liver

Left Hepatic, Right Hepatic, Median/Quadrate, Caudate

32. Surfaces of the liver

Parietal surface, Visceral surface

33. Structures that enter the porta

Portal vein, Hepatic artery, Hepatic plexus (nerves)

34. Enzymes secreted by the pancreas

Amylase, Lipase, Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen

35. Structures that leave the porta

Ducts, Lymphatics

36. Ligaments of the liver

Coronary, Falciform, Round, Right triangular, Left triangular

37. Cells and respective secretions of the islets of Langerhans

Alpha – glucagon, Beta – insulin, Delta – somatostatin, F – pancreatic polypeptide

38. Surfaces of the pancreas

Dorsal surface, Ventral surface

39. Borders of the pancreas

Right, Left, Posterior

40. Surfaces of spleen

Parietal surface, Visceral surface

41. Borders of spleen

Anterior, Posterior

42. Extremities of spleen

Dorsal (base), Ventral (apex)

43. Types of teeth

Incisors, Canines, Pre-molars, Molar

44. Surfaces of teeth

Occlusal, Lingual, Labial

45. Layers of teeth

Cementum, Enamel, Dentine, Pulp Cavity

46. Nipper teeth

Incisors

47. Dental pad is present in these animals

Ox/Sheep

48. Holding teeth

Canines

49. Grinding teeth

Premolar, Molar

50. In horses, the 1st premolar whenever present is called

Wolf tooth

51. Cutting teeth

Carnassial teeth

52. Two carnassial teeth in dogs

Last upper premolars, First lower molars

53. Portion of tooth covered by enamel

Crown

54. Portion of tooth covered with cementum

Root

55. Line of junction between the crown and root of teeth

Neck

56. Center of tooth

Pulp cavity

57. Blood supply of teeth is derived from

Infraorbital and mandibular alveolar branches of the internal maxillary

58. Parts of tongue

Root, Body, Apex

59. Main types of papillae

Filiform, Fungiform, Foliate, Vallate

60. Motor nerve supply of tongue

Hypoglossal nerve (CN12)

61. Sensory nerve supply of tongue

Lingual (branch of mandibular nerve), Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)

62. Differentiate anterior from posterior pillar of soft palate

Anterior pillar runs from the free border of the oral surface while the posterior pillar runs from the free border (either side of tongue) of the aboral surface (towards the esophagus)

63. Surfaces of the soft palate

Oral, Aboral

64. Bony basis of hard palate

Premaxillae, Maxillae, Horizontal part of the palatine bones

65. Esophagus in this animal is voluntary as far as the base of heart

Horse

66. Esophagus in this animal is easily dilatable and voluntary throughout

Ox/Sheep

67. Esophagus in this animal is voluntary till last few inches near cardia

Pig

68. Esophagus in this animal is voluntary throughout

Dog

69. Constricted mucous glands at ventral aspect of dog esophagus

Isthmus esophagi

70. Parts of ruminant stomach (and other terms)

Rumen – paunch, Reticulum – honeycomb, Omasum – manyplies, Abomasum – true stomach

71. Compartments of proventriculi in ruminant’s stomach

Rumen, Reticulum, Omasum

72. Lining epithelium of proventriculi

Stratified squamous epithelium (non-glandular)

73. The atrium ventriculi of stomach is situated at the vertebral extremities of what ribs

8th and 9th ribs

74. Stomach part in ruminant that occupies most of the left half of abdominal cavity from 7th intercostal space to pelvic inlet

Rumen

75. Three variations in the form of mucus membrane of rumen

Foliate, Filiform, Club-shaped

76. Anterior and smallest of the non-glandular stomach

Reticulum

77. Stomach part in ruminant in which the greater part lies on the left side of the median plane opposite ribs 6, 7 and 8

Reticulum

78. Stomach part in ruminant that lies chiefly on the right side of the midline from 7th to 11th rib

Omasum

79. Stomach part in ruminant which is an elongated sac that lies chiefly on the abdominal floor, and the anterior end or fundus is in the xiphoid region

Abomasum

80. Proper order of the spiral course of esophageal groove

B – backwards, O – outwards, D – downwards, F – forwards, I – inwards

81. Animal with 70 feet small intestine

Horse

82. Animal with diverticulum duodeni

Horse

83. Animal with 130 feet small intestine

Ox

84. Animal with 80 feet small intestine

Sheep/Goat

85. Animal with 60 feet small intestine

Pig

86. Animal with 13 feet small intestine

Dog

87. Length of caecum in horse

4 feet

88. Length of large colon in horse

10 feet

89. Length of small colon in horse

12 feet

90. Number of taenia and haustra in small colon of horse

Two taenia, Two rows of haustra

91. Animal with ampulla recti

Horse (rectum)

92. Parts of colon in ox and sheep

Spiral portion – ansa spiralis, Terminal portion – ansa distalis

93. Liver in this animal has no gall bladder

Horse

94. Liver in this animal is not divided into lobes

Ox

95. The caudate process of the liver is not visible from parietal surface in this animal

Sheep

96. Parenchyma of the liver has morocco leather appearance in this animal

Pig

97. Parietal surface of the liver is extremely convex in this animal

Dog

98. Pancreas in this animal has dorsal and ventral ducts

Horse

99. Pancreas in this animal is quadrilateral shape

Ox

100. In pancreas of this animal, only ventral duct persists

Sheep