Human Biology Chapter 8 - Technology used to treat diseases
0.0(0)
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
FlashcardsCard Sorting
1/15
Earn XP
Study Analytics
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
16 Terms
1
New cards
Location of DNA
\-found in cell of all organisms
\-usually in nucleus, some in mitochondria and some in cytosol
\-usually in nucleus, some in mitochondria and some in cytosol
2
New cards
Structure of DNA
\-consist of two strands of nucleotides
\-double helix due to twisted into spiral
\-bases paired with complementary base pairing:
**A**denine = **T**hymine, **G**uanine = **C**ytosine
\-double helix due to twisted into spiral
\-bases paired with complementary base pairing:
**A**denine = **T**hymine, **G**uanine = **C**ytosine
3
New cards
Nucleotide
deoxyribose sugar molecule, phosphate group and nitrogenous base
4
New cards
Tissue engineering
\-requires abundant supply of disease free cells of specific types
5
New cards
Artificial breeding
↑ or ↓ incidence of certain genes
\-slow and inefficient process (gene passed on by chance & wast for next generation to mature before knowing outcome)
\-e.g. selecting which female and male organisms breed
\-slow and inefficient process (gene passed on by chance & wast for next generation to mature before knowing outcome)
\-e.g. selecting which female and male organisms breed
6
New cards
Genetic engineering
involves artificial modification of DNA(recombinant DNA tech)
\-DNA either added or removed from cell
\-DNA produced = recombinant DNA
\-organism = genetically modified organism (GMO)
\-DNA either added or removed from cell
\-DNA produced = recombinant DNA
\-organism = genetically modified organism (GMO)
7
New cards
Uses of genetic engineering
\-introduce genes for desired traits into organism
\-involve DNA from one species introduced to a different species (transgenic organism) = introduce trait not normally present
\
\-involve DNA from one species introduced to a different species (transgenic organism) = introduce trait not normally present
\
8
New cards
Steps/basis of genetic engineering
\-gene for desired trait must be identified & isolated
\-DNA receiving gene must be ‘opened’
\-gene added to recipient & join its DNA
\-DNA receiving gene must be ‘opened’
\-gene added to recipient & join its DNA
9
New cards
Restriction enzymes
\-known as endonuclease
\-certain enzymes that cut up viral DNA
\-can be bacteriophages or phages
\-cuts DNA at recognition site (sequence)
\-cuts DNA to restrict duplication of bacteriophages
\-certain enzymes that cut up viral DNA
\-can be bacteriophages or phages
\-cuts DNA at recognition site (sequence)
\-cuts DNA to restrict duplication of bacteriophages
10
New cards
Recognition site
\-point of DNA where there is a certain sequence of bases is cut
\-about 4-8 base pairs in length
\-about 4-8 base pairs in length
11
New cards
palindromic
\-same sequence when read forward and backwards
\-same sequence occurs on both strands within recognition site
\-same sequence occurs on both strands within recognition site
12
New cards
Types of cuts produced by restriction enzyme
\-Straight cut - clean break across two strands of DNA producing blunt end (both strands terminate in base pair)
\-Staggered cut - fragments with sticky ends (stretch of unpaired nucleotides in DNA molecules - overhang at break in strands)
\
\-Staggered cut - fragments with sticky ends (stretch of unpaired nucleotides in DNA molecules - overhang at break in strands)
\
13
New cards
DNA Ligase
\-glue together short strands of DNA during replication (ligation)
\-join phosphate group at end of one strand to sugar molecule at end of another strand
\-join phosphate group at end of one strand to sugar molecule at end of another strand
14
New cards
Vector
DNA molecule - carry DNA into cell
\-commonly used: bacterial plasmids & bacteriophage viruses
\-used for production of organisms with recombinant DNA
\-commonly used: bacterial plasmids & bacteriophage viruses
\-used for production of organisms with recombinant DNA
15
New cards
Plasmids
Circular, double stranded units of cytoplasmic DNA
\-found in bacteria
\-capable of replicating within the cell independently
\-found in bacteria
\-capable of replicating within the cell independently
16
New cards
Recombinant DNA
gene of interest integrated into plasmid or bacteriophage virus