test #1 us history

why did farmers want bimetallism

they believed it would allow for inflation which would increase crop prices and help manage debt.

where on the map had the native americans been living

yellow region

native americans had been living in the

great plains

when did the native americans’ lifestyle change

when horses were introduced around 1600 and they began using them to hunt buffalo

final battle between us and na, year, members on each side

wounded knee; 1890; 350 sioux (natives) were captured after unknown shot; 300 na killed

which law attempted to americanize nas and would give nas their own land so they would become farmers like white settlers and stop roaming and hunting buffalo

dawes (severalty) act

a famous path for cattle drives that went from san antonio to abilene, kansas

chisolm trail

where were the meat packing factories which allowed for the cattle industry to flourish

chicago and st louis

famous monument in st louis representing gateway to the west

gateway arch

what caused the loss of culture of the plains indians (4)

trains/ railroads which brought whites; discovery of gold; good grazing land for cattle; good farm land

what were the effects of the loss of culture of the plains indians (3)

indian wars (wounded knee); whites killed buffalos; assimilation

what formed when the central pacific and union pacific railroads met and in what year

transcontinental railroad in 1869

who did most of the track laying and suffered terrible work conditions and discrimination

irish, chinese, african americans

homestead act was targeted towards

settlers

african american homesteaders who moved from the south to kansas

exodusters

an act to help educate farmers which gave lands to set up agricultural colleges such as oklahoma, nebraska, and tx a and m)

morrill act

what unjust did railroads do towards farmers when transporting their crops

over-priced charges

what are the 2 kinds of farmers in the great plains

1) the one who sweat through hard labor and farmed land to create crops
2) the railroads and banks: with outrageous prices and high interest rates, they farm the farmers

who encouraged its members to sponsor state legislation to regulate railroads

the grange

who taught their members about lower interest rates on loans and gov control over railroads and banks

farmers’ alliance

what group helped farmers gain a bigger voice in government

populist party

what did populists fight for (3)

increased money supply

graduated income tax- would tax the rich (not farmers) at a higher rate

federal loan program- would help farmers get loans

direct vote=

people vote

populists wanted a ________ vote of us senators, a _______ ballot, and an ___ hour work day

popular; secret; 8

bimetallism puts more/less money in ciruclation

more

which party supported the populists

democrats

republican senator-

populist senator-

william mckinley

william jennings bryan

what speech did william jennings bryan give

cross of gold

who won mckinley or bryan and in what year

mckinley; end to populism in 1896

increased money supply and decreased value of money

bimetallism (inflation)

decreased money supply and increased value of money

gold standard (deflation)

wat three factors allowed for the us to become a leading industr

what converted iron into steel cheaply and efficiently; skyscrapers

bessemer process

who provided markets for new inventions and industrial goods

cosnumers

w

benefits of railroads (3)

the railroad companies built transcontinental and local lines, united nation (sears), time zones

credit mobilier scandal

some stockholders of union pacific secretly formed a construction company called credit mobilier and those stockholders received contracts from up building contracts. they overcharged the other stockholders and kept the profits

who has a town names after him

geroge pullman, pullman illinois

what was the environment like in pullman illinois

railroad cars, clean, safe, strictly controlled, curfews, no alcohol

andrew carnegie business

steel

andrew carnegie 3 main practices

found ways to make products cheaper, hired the best management by offering stocks in his company, he used vertical integration (buying out his suppliers, and horizontal integration (taking over t

government should not regulate marketplaces

laissez faire

rockefeller business

standard oil

rockefeller used his corporation, standar doil, and joined competing companies in

trust agreements

rober barrons = pos or neg

neg

pos effects of industrialists

jobs, products, charity

what philosophy did carnegie believe in

gospel of wealth

when gov tried to control railroads’ immense power but if backfired and they used it to blame regular people

sherman anti trust act

eventually the gov stopped doing what

trying to control monopolies

three big businesses

steel beam trust, standard oil trust, copper trust

capitol building houses

congress/ legislative

who ran government

monopolies

labor unions represent

workers in factories

what did labor unions fight for

higher wages and better work

knights of labor main focus (2)

8 hour workday, equal pay for men and women

where is the knights of labor now

declined after haymarket square riot, so no longer in existence

what was it when strikers protested police brutality and threw a bomb

haymarket square riot of 1886

how did the haymarket square riot of 1886 change the views of americans

america became anti-union and turned down violence

companies that do not allow labor unions, preferred by owners

open shops

after a pay cut in which carnegie steel went on a strike

homestead strike- 1892

pullman company cut wages without cutting rent

pullman strike- 1894

what is the largest labor union in america today

afl