Energy

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Energy

The ability to do work

Joules

The unit we measure energy in

Kilojoules

1,000 Joules

Megajoules

1,000,000 Joules

Kinetic energy

The energy of movement. It is dependent on the mass of the object and its speed.

Heat energy

Energy in transit from a higher temperature to a lower temperature e.g energy from a fire

Light energy

Energy in the form of waves that are produced by incandescent objects or electrical discharge e.g the sun or a lamp

Sound energy

Mechanical waves that travel through particles in solids, liquids or gases that are caused by vibrating objects e.g energy from a speaker

Electrical energy

Energy of charge particles produced by generators, batteries, solar cells, etc.

Potential energy

Energy that is stored within objects. The objects are not using the energy yet.

Gravitational potential energy

Potential energy that is stored in an object above the ground. The greater the height, the more energy there is.

Elastic potential energy

Potential energy stored in stretched or compressed spring elastic or material.

Chemical potential energy

Potential energy stored in substances which is released through chemical reactions, e.g in food or in the process of photosynthesis

Nuclear potential energy

Potential energy stored in atoms and all matter which can be released in nuclear power plants or nuclear bombs

Law of Conservation

Energy cannot be created or destroyed. It can only be transformed from one form to another.

Energy transfer

When energy is converted from one object to another. This means it stays as the same type of energy, but moves from one object to another.

Energy transformation

When energy is converted from one form to another. This means it stays in the same object but turns into a different type.

Energy flow diagram

A diagram that helps illustrate the law of conversation of energy by showing how it is transferring and transforming.

Heat transfer

When heat energy is converted from one object to another

Kinetic energy formula

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Gravitational potential energy formula

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Energy efficiency formula

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Internal energy

The total kinetic and potential energies in the particles of an object

Temperature

The measure of the average kinetic energy in an object - if this rises the particles move faster

Kelvin

A unit that measures temperature. It starts at absolute zero and negative numbers in it do not exist

Conduction

The transfer of heat through nearby particles. If an object with more kinetic energy touches an object with less kinetic energy, the energy from it will transfer to it until they have equal amounts of energy.

Convection

 The transfer of heat from one place to another due to the circular movement of fluid (gas or liquid). Hot fluid rises and cooler fluid sinks

Radiation

The transfer of heat through infrared waves. It can travel through vacuums, and it travels at the speed of light. When it hits a surface, it will either be absorbed, reflected or transmitted

Energy efficiency

How much useful energy an appliance contains

Sound waves

Vibrations