Erythrocytes

What false biochemical results can ETDA contamination cause?

Hyperkalaemia

Hypocalcaemia

Low magnesium and zinc possible

What is the PCV % reference range for canine, feline, equine and bovine species?

Canine = 37-55

Feline = 30-45

Equine = 32-52

Bovine = 24-46

What can be assessed with a blood smear?

Check cell morphology

Check for infectious agents

Platelet count

Check WBC morphology

Name this poikilocyte. What causes it

Crenation/Echinocyte

Artefactual (old sample)

Name this poikilocyte. What causes it?

Acanthocyte

Dog cancer

Normal in calves

Name the poikilocyte being pointed at. What causes it.

Schistocyte

Caused by shearing injury to RBC

Common in haemangiosarcomas

Name the dark poikilocyte. What causes it?

Polychromatophil

immature RBC

What are the 3 poikilocytes in the middle called? What causes them?

Spherocyte

indicate membrane damage

seen in IMHA

What are the 2 types of haematopoiesis and where do they occur?

Erythropoiesis = formation of RBCs and platelets. occurs in bone marrow

Myelopoiesis = formation of leukocytes. bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen (liver?)

What are these pale cells called and what causes them?

Hypochromatic cells

caused iron deficiency (chronic disease, inflammation, liver disease = non regenerative anaemia)

Gold standard test for investigating haematopoietic disorders?

Bone marrow biopsy

4 functions of the spleen

Lymphoid organ - filters antigens from the blood for processing

Blood reservoir

Metabolises iron

Removes damaged erythrocytes